The Stock Market Crash Began the Great Depression

Investing millions a year, stock investors never thought the system would fail, but one day, it all went away. The stock market crashed leaving millions without work. The Stock Market’s Crash began the Great Depression and America would reap havoc for many years. The stock market is a great way to buy part of a company gain or loose money depending on how the company is making money buy buying a share. â€Å"The stock market is owning a small piece of the company; the stock market is owning a piece of a business† (Christie 5). Therefore, investing in the stocks is a great idea when prices are high. Furthermore, it is a hard job to keep up with everything needed to know for the job. Investors and brokers are the one who do the buying†¦show more content†¦For example, colleges probably lost a lot of students this year. Finally, children were very educated and a lot of them spoiled in the 20’s. if 100$ could buy a car and stocks went down 40% in a day, the Great Depression was upon America faster then they knew it. The Great Depression of the 1930’s was the worst economic time for Americans because of the lack of money circulation when the stocks crashed. Over two million homeless people lived in America during that time so they, â€Å"built shantytowns on the outskirts of cities or along roadways. The areas were plagued by crime and disease.† (Callan 12). In addition, they were probably not very happy because they were robbed many times and generally sick. Also, it was really hard to live in shantytowns because they didn’t have lots to do. Children who had been fine in the 30’s had to deal with a lot; â€Å"Children were hit hard by the depression. Fathers often left their families in a desperate search to find work† (17). This shows that children grew up a lot quicker in the thirties then most times. In contrast, the children were expected to do too much in the depression. Almost everyone lost everything in the 30’s and â€Å"Older Americans who had planned to use their savings for retirement found themselves suddenly penniless. â€Å" (Christie 21). However, it is good the government didn’t step in with taxes as they are now to give them free retirement and heathShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of The Stock Market Crash Of 19291552 Words   |  7 Pagesthe stock market crash of 1929. The question most debated is- which factor was the greatest contributor to causing the crash? Many think the answer is simple, for example, unemployment. On the contrary, the answer is quite complex because there were many interconnected causes. When answering this question, it is first crucial to analyze the causes of the crash and the causes of the depression that followed the crash. Many people combine the causes of the stock market crash and the depression; howeverRead MoreEssay on Stock Market Crash as the Cause of the Great Depression1211 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Was the Exact Cause Of The Great Depression? The United States Great Depression leads many people to believe different stories about what actually caused it. The Stock Market Crash in October of 1929 is often referred to as the beginning of the Great Depression, but did it actually cause it? The answer is that it was the spark that lit the flame of the Great Depression. The Great depression was a financial decline that started in 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. Its pinpoint wasRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash Of 19291590 Words   |  7 PagesThe cause of the crash in the stock market in 1929, was an incident that occurred on October 29, which was called Black Tuesday. Investors traded 16 million dollar of shares toward the New York Stock Exchange in a day, upon that billions of dollars were lost and investors lost their business or their jobs. one of the major reason why was that car and other factory produced certain quota of cars. during the great depression people who were rich is now poor and the poor and the poorer. people wereRead MoreEssay on The Great Depression1118 Words   |  5 Pageslater the stock market crashed and the worst economic downturn in American history called the quot;Great Depressionquot; began. The Depression started in 1929 and would last for a decade until we entered War World II. The Great Depression affected every part of economy and no job was safe. In 1929 unemployment was at 1.5 million and by 1933 unemployment reached over 13 million which meant 1 out of 4 were out of work (3). Some who were successful businessmen before the stock market crash and now sellingRead MoreThe Shady Shift After World War I1166 Words   |  5 Pagesenjoyed the new amenities and frivolous spending, no one knew what was going on with the banks. Most people were extremely overjoyed with all the money coming in, it hadn’t occurred to them what problems were happening. The Great Depression wasn t just caused by the Stock Market Crash but by false prosperity, and overproduction, which affected people s social life, banks, and unemployment across the country. It was only nine short years of prosperity until a dark cloud came rolling in across the countryRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash Of 19291683 Words   |  7 PagesOn October 29, 1929, investors took a turn for the worse and were just in the beginning of a huge crisis that would cause them to lose everything. This crash pushed many Americans to depression, suicide, and destruction. By 1933, 4,000 banks had closed and Americans started to panic. The stock market crash of 1929 was a major turning point in the history of the United States and billions of dollars were lost. During the 1920s, throughout the country, there were social, economic, and political changesRead MoreThe Great Depression By Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal Legislation1115 Words   |  5 PagesWhat do you think about when you hear The Great Depression? Some might say the worst economic time in the United States of America. The Great Depression was one of the longest and innermost economic downturn in the world of history between the years of 1929 and 1939. Also, The Great Depression led to the Federal Government having a more involved role in America s economy, this was done through the creation of Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal Legislation, which turned out to be effective becauseRead MoreEssay on The Causes of the Great Depression1002 Words   |  5 Pageslasted as long as the Great Depression. Only as the economy shifted toward a war mobilization in the late 1930s did the grip of the depression finally ease. br brStock prices had been rising steadily since 1921, but in 19 28 and 1929 they surged forward, with the average price of stocks rising over 40 percent. The stock market was totally unregulated. Margin buying in particular proceeded at a feverish pace as customers borrowed up to 75 percent of the purchase price of stocks. That easy credit luredRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash Of 19291437 Words   |  6 Pagesrushing to get into the stock market. The profits seemed so certain that even many companies placed money in the stock market. In addition, even more problematic, some banks placed their customers money in the stock market (without their consent). With the stock market prices rising, everything seemed fantastic. Many believe incorrectly that the stock market crash of 1929 is the same as the Great Depression when in fact; it was one of the major causes that led to the Great Depression. At first, thereRead MoreEssay about The Great Depression in America1156 Words   |  5 Pagesfar fetched, but the Crash of 1929 made this a reality. The crash of 1929 established the beginning of Americas most memorible era; the great depression. According to the London Penny Press, following the week of Black Thursday, one could go to New York and see speculators hurling themselves from windows because they had lost everything in the crash. (The Great Crash 1929-Galbraith) Many people had everything they could ever dream of before the crash occured, but after the crash they found themselves

Violent Media Does Not Have an Effect on Children Essay

Violent media is a prominent part of Americas culture. America is the home to dozens of multimillion dollar industries that specialize in making violent media. This media usually has a rating label on it, categorizing it as being made for young children, teens, or adults. The purpose of this is to protect children from the disturbing and/or violent scenes depicted in the media. Yet, millions of children under the age of 17 still have free access to violent media. However, even though children have access, the overall effects of violence on children are not negative. Statements and Beliefs of the opposing Viewpoint What role does violent media play on children? This has been a controversial topic for many years. During any violent†¦show more content†¦NRA member John Patrick Egelhof believes that playing violent games and watching movies such as â€Å"Zero Hour† essentially trained him in the act of committing mass shootings. Another shooting blamed on violent media is the Washington Navy Yard shooting. The shooter, Aaron Alexis, killed 13 people in 2013. It was stated in the article â€Å"Aaron Alexis: Washington navy yard gunman obsessed with violent video games† that he was obsessed with violent first person shooter games(Allen). Yet, it was forgotten in many reports that Alexis had other issues. Before, he has stated that he was â€Å"hearing voices and being zapped by skin-vibrating microwaves†(Earley). Other incidents include the Columbine High school massacre of 1999, where the two shooters were said to be fans of the video game Doom. In 2003, Devin Moore was arrested for attempted Grand Theft Auto. He later, while in custody, went on a shooting rampage and stole a police vehicle. This scenario is fairly common in the game Grand Theft Auto, which Devin frequently played. Another instance was in 2008 where several teenagers robbed multiple stores while armed. They later said that they were inspired by some events depicted in Grand Theft Auto(Taylor). Grand Theft Auto is a video game that is often targeted for causing violent behavior. It inserts the player into a world where there is very little legal consequences. Players oftenShow MoreRelatedViolent Media Is Good For Kids1324 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of violent media, some of us would readily agree it’s a controversial subject as to whether kids should or shouldn’t be exposed to it. This is because many children who view violent media react negatively rather than not being affected at all. Wher e this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of what effects does it have on children. Whereas some are convinced that it is a healthy alternative for kids to express themselves, others maintain that it causes kidsRead MoreResearch Paper Outline on Violence in Media Contributes to Violence in Children888 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The media is generally seen by people as a way of conveying the truth. If something is seen on TV, has been heard on the radio or something has been read in the newspapers then it is perceived as being the truth. Throughout history the media has been used as a tool to convey different messages to people. The issue of the behavior of children when exposed to violence on media has been an issue to be debated upon and studied for a very long time. There are many devices that children have accessRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children975 Words   |  4 PagesIn discussions of violet media on children, one controversial issue has been that violent media effects children in a negative way. On the one hand violet media causes children to build up aggression and are at risk to be more criminally active as adults. My own view, is some people blame violent media for children’s aggression but media provides knowledge of what the content contains, to caution viewers from violen t action. Violet media can also be beneficial to children, it causes them to expressRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children971 Words   |  4 PagesIn discussions of violent media on children, one controversial issue has been that violent media effects children in a negative way. On the one hand violent media causes children to build up aggression, and are at risk to be more criminally active as adults. My own view, is some people blame violent media for children’s aggression, but media provides knowledge of what the content contains, to caution viewers from violent action. Violet media can also be beneficial to children, it causes them to expressRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children901 Words   |  4 PagesIn discussions of violent media, one controversial issue is whether violet media, like videogames, or comic books have a negative or positive effect on kids. On the one hand, some people argue that they enjoy expressing built up anger and emotions t hrough reading comic books. On the other hand, violent media can effect young children and have them think it’s okay to be violent in real life. My own view is violent media does cause kids to have a mindset that killing or violent actions are okay toRead MoreShould Violent Media Be Banned Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesShould violent media be banned? Many teenagers are now being introduced into playing or watching violent media at very young ages and society are wondering if they should be concerned about it; they are wondering whether it can cause aggressive behaviour within the children/teenagers. Violent video games and violent action films normally have age restriction son them so that children under the age of 15 or in some cases 18 cannot buy them. You see many teenagers with these games and moviesRead MoreArgument Against Limiting Screen Time For Younger Children1428 Words   |  6 Pageseople would argue against limiting screen time for younger children. However some arguments can be made for letting children watch television when they are very young. A poor mouse lost its youth for the effects of overstimulation to be proven, and such a valiant sacrifice should not go in vain. Along with the sacrifice of the mice that served under Dr. Christakis, our future citizens are having their perceptions of reality augmented even before they go to preschool or kindergarten. Combined withRead More Children and Violence: An American Media Controversy Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesChildren and Violence: An American Media Controversy As censorship of the American media has broken down over the years, the amount of violence allowed to be shown in movies, on television, and in video games has skyrocketed. From coast to coast in our nation, this saturation of hostility in our media has caused many contentious debates between scholars, parents, students and government officials alike. In this controversy, the central argument revolves around the effects violent media hasRead Moreâ€Å"There is increasing evidence that early exposure to media violence is a contributing factor to the1000 Words   |  4 Pagesexposure to media violence is a contributing factor to the development of aggression† (Huesmann, Moise-Titus, Podolski, Eron, 2003). Huesmann and Kirwil (2007, p. 545), argue that an individual’s aggression and violent behaviour are not only caused by emotional, mental and physical circumstances but also the environment plays an equally vital role. They further on state that hastening violent beh aviour in the short-term sense is due to disclosure to violence, which can be either through media, computerRead MoreGame over: the Effects of Violent Video Games on Children Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesOver: The effects of Violent Video Games on Children Seven hours. That is the amount of hours a day the average American child plays a video games (Anderson 354), and with technology advancing and games becoming more graphic, the concern over a violent game’s effect over a child’s development is growing. What does playing video games for seven hours do to a child’s development? Violent, role-playing video games adversely affects a child’s development and causes aggression in children and adolescents;

Case Study Analysis Unlimited Company

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Analysisfor Unlimited Company. Answer: In the memo, it is expected that Sean would mention about positive things of the Pastries Unlimited Company. He should mention how effectively the Company has been able to achieve a sustainable position in the market. In addition to this, using his own contribution in the organization as example, he could portray the significance of the employees. In order to achieve better result, he could share his own experience and his hard work that has helped him to become the Product Department Manager. If these activities are carried on effectively, it is expected that other employees would be motivated to work ethically and with complete commitment. Below mentioned are the points that need to be incorporated in the memo: Mission and vision of the Company that would clarify the companys objectives Some training and monitoring ideas to improve the creativity of employees The significance of working ethically with proper ethical work policies It has been observed that his memo will be able to inspire the existing employees in the organization. Below mentioned are some of the positive results by disseminating the memo among the employees. Job satisfaction: Proper training and coaching to the employees can result in creating job satisfaction among the employees of the organization. Improvement in performance: When the employees will be motivated, it is expected that the performance and the productivity of the organization would increase (Latham 2012). Reduced turnover: Overall activities will definite motivate the employees and thus, the rate of turnover can be reduced (Mahoney 2013). Better ethical approach: It is also expected that with this motivation, the employees shall be working with honest approach, ethically. Strengths: Sean is highly dedicated to his work and he is innovative and enthusiastic Sean always look at the positive aspect of people He is highly dedicated towards his work and responsibilities He develops innovative ideas and motivates others He takes great care of the employee welfare. Weaknesses: Extreme workaholic He is a bit unprofessional; he does not charge extra money for his extra effort He expects the same from other employees I believe that Sean would be successful to improve the behavior of the employees to some extent. With the memo that would be distributed among the employees, it shall be able to create a positive image of Sean on them. If not completely, the memo shall help to change the behavior for future. It is expected that the employees would become sincere and effective like Sean. With proper communication, the employees shall be motivated (Rajhans 2012). As Sean has been with the organization for quite a long time, it is expected that he would have greater dominance over the organization. However, it should also be considered that the employees also have power in the organization and Sean would not be able to create greater domination unless he is accepted among the employees. References: Latham, G.P., 2012.Work motivation: History, theory, research, and practice. Sage. Mahoney, J.S., 2013.Strategic communication: Principles and practice. Oxford University Press. Rajhans, K., 2012. Effective organizational communication: A key to employee motivation and performance.Interscience Management Review,2(2), pp.81-85.

Is Human Cloning Acceptable In Todays Society Essays - Cloning

Is Human Cloning Acceptable In Today's Society Is Human Cloning Acceptable in Today's Society? Imagine a twelve-year-old girl that has been diagnosed with an illness that will be fatal in the next ten years. This disease targets the heart and slowly deteriorates the myocardium of the heart. The twelve-year-old girl is placed behind fifty people on a list for a heart transplant. For that little girl, there seems to be no faith to which she can depend on for her heart transplant. What options does this girl have besides waiting for a heart transplant or waiting to die? Now, imagine a set of parents who are about to have a baby that was cloned from the father. The parents went for a regular check-up with their doctor and found out that their child was going to be physically retarded due to the cloning of the child. The parents are devastated and outraged that the cloning did not turn out successfully. Unfortunately, the responsibility of raising a physically retarded child has been put into their hands. Would this type of genetic altering be acceptable in today's society? How can cloning a person be ethical if the risks of retardation come into play? These two scenarios draw just a few of the questions that scientists and people all over the world are faced with as human cloning is introduced to the world. In the past few years, many people all over the world have read about the cloned sheep called Dolly. Dolly has been one of the most talked about experiments in the twentieth century. When the concept of cloning emerged, the possibilities that could emerge from it floated in the minds of scientists all around the world. Could we really create an exact copy of any living thing by altering the DNA of the particular organism? To many people, the possibilities are endless but to others, it seems like one of the biggest mistakes that man may have stumbled on throughout our entire human existence. In an article in the The Sunday Times written by Steven Connor and Deborah Cadbury, the issue of human cloning is addressed in a positive way. ?Scientists have created an embryo of a frog without a head, raising the prospect of engineering headless human clones which could be used to grow organs and tissues for transplant surgery.? This type of engineering could bring many answers to questions and problems concerning organ transplanting. With any organ transplant, the patient is required to stay on drugs, which lower the immune system in order to keep the transplanted organ from rejecting its recipient. By using the method that scientists predict will soon be available, the recipient would have no problem accepting the newly transplanted organ. With any type of cloning, the issue of ethical behavior arises. Researchers believe that ?because without a brain or central nervous system the ?organ sacs' may not meet the technical definition of an embryo.? In order to produce the headless frogs, scientists have to pinpoint a certain gene and alter that gene. Fortunately, the frogs ?could be applied to human embryos because the same genes perform similar functions in both frogs and humans (1A).? In Scotland, scientists are trying to create a genetically altered cloned pig that can produce harvestable pig organs that the human body will not reject (?Better? 19). The cloning of pigs could one day benefit humans but in order to insure success, the headless human clone would be the guaranteed project. This type of cloning could save hundreds of people everyday but it is a question of whether it's acceptable or not to the public. In an article from The Atlanta Constitution by Jeff Nesmith, scientists are trying to reach a decision on whether human cloning should be legal and how best to prevent it. The article stresses the importance of how human cloning should not be allowed for the use of parents to clone themselves. At a cloning forum sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ?participants grappled about ethical and moral issues raised by the unexpected appearance of Scotland's cloned sheep, Dolly.? At the forum, the total consensus was directly pointed at making the procedure illegal for human cloning. The real question

Managers and Leaders Unique Qualities and Positions

The Theater Experience in Shakespeares Lifetime

The Theater Experience in Shakespeares Lifetime To fully appreciate Shakespeare, its best to see his plays live on stage. It’s a sad fact that today we typically study Shakespeares plays out of books and forego the live experience. It’s important to remember that the Bard was not writing for today’s literary readership, but for a live audience. Shakespeare was not writing for just any live audience but was writing for the masses in Elizabethan England, many of whom couldn’t read or write. The theater was usually the only place the audiences to his plays would be exposed to fine, literary culture. To better understand Shakespeares works, todays reader needs to go beyond the texts themselves to consider the context of these works: the details of the live theater experience during the Bard’s lifetime. Theater Etiquette in Shakespeare’s Time Visiting a theater and watching a play in Elizabethan times was very different from today, not just because of who was in the audience, but because of how people behaved. Theatergoers were not expected to be still and silent throughout the performance as modern audiences are. Instead, Elizabethan theater was the modern equivalent of a popular band concert. It was communal and even, at times, raucous, depending on the subject matter of a given performance. The audience would eat, drink, and talk throughout the performance. Theaters were open air and used natural light. Without the advanced technology of artificial light, most plays were performed not in the evening, as they are today, but rather in the afternoon or during the daylight. Furthermore, plays during that era used very little scenery and few, if any, props. The plays usually relied on language to set the scene. Female Performers in Shakespeare’s Time The laws for contemporary performances of Shakespeare’s plays banned women from acting. Female roles were thus played by young boys before their voices changed in puberty. How Shakespeare Changed Perceptions of the Theater Shakespeare saw the public’s attitude towards theater shift during his lifetime. Prior to his era, the theater in England was considered to be a disreputable pastime. It was frowned upon by Puritan authorities, who were worried that it might distract people from their religious teachings. During the reign of Elizabeth I, theaters were still banned within the city walls of London (even though the Queen enjoyed the theater and frequently attended performances in person). But over time, the theater became more popular, and a thriving â€Å"entertainment† scene grew on Bankside, just outside the city walls. Bankside was considered to be a â€Å"den of iniquity† with its brothels, bear-baiting pits, and theaters. The place of theater in Shakespeares time widely diverged from its perceived role today as high culture reserved for the educated, upper classes. The Acting Profession During Shakespeare’s Time Shakespeare’s contemporary theater companies were extremely busy. They would perform around six different plays each week, which could only be rehearsed a few times before the performance. There was no separate stage crew, as theater companies have today. Every actor and stagehand helped to make costumes, props, and scenery. The Elizabethan acting profession worked on an apprentice system and therefore was strictly hierarchical. Playwrights themselves had to rise up through the ranks. Shareholders and general managers were in charge and profited the most from the company’s success. Managers employed their actors, who became permanent members of the company. Boy apprentices were at the bottom of the hierarchy. They usually began their careers by acting in small roles or playing the female characters.

Employee Engagement On The Scope Of Future Career Growth Of Employees Dissertation

Employee Engagement On The Scope Of Future Career Growth Of Employees - Dissertation Example In the words of Collings & Wood (2009), the most hyped topics in the context of international human resource management are ensuring employee commitment and engagement. Considering the current business environment, the internal management process of firms is being aligned with the strategic mission and vision of the firms for ensuring an appropriately directed performance. Scholars such as Dyne & Pierce and Konrad (2009) have questioned the authenticity of the organizations in the context of providing the scope of growth for their employee base. Carrying forward a similar concern Bakker & Leiter mentioned that employee engagement and job satisfaction does not go hand-in-hand. Focusing on these arguments and the evaluation of the practical work conditions and processes, the research will focus on analyzing the influence of employee engagement on their career growth opportunities with the help of a mixed methodology. Human resource management processes have transformed along with the changes in the requirements of the business firms and the increase of complexities in business management. Saks noted that methods such as downsizing are commonly used by the firm in order to reduce their operational expenses and at the same time maintain their competence in their respective industries. In this context, Green & Medlin observed that employee engagement concepts being followed in business are mostly implemented with the help of reward structures which can be considered as short-term obligations from the end of the organizations.

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Assignment 3 - Essay Example There is a large pool types of contacts to choose from. The lawyer should help you chose the most favourable one for the sale of the toys. Contracts may be sealed, implied, bilateral, void or voidable. Some requires company of legal enforcement whereas some do not; some are in writing while others are oral (Franco 31). In this case, the lawyer will help you chose one that will accompany the international sales. The contract should be flexible for easier handling of the business. The lawyer should choose the best law to govern the contract. The court will apply the law that the parties have chosen provided it is in line with the type of business and that parties have good intentions. There are various laws that govern diverse range of contacts. The lawyer must choose one that favours parties whose businesses are in divergent states .The lawyer will provide professional advice on why u should retain and leave out some aspects in the contract. This will ensure flexibility of the contract and easy comprehension. The good will have to describe and expounded in details. You should discuss about quality and quantity of the Woogles together with how and where distribution would take place (Goldman, Arnold & William 243). Such factors are important to consider because they will ensure efficient flow of the business. This will also help identify the rate of manufacturing which is more effective to ensure constant supply of woggle toys. The quantity and prices here helps in identifying how much the company will make per sale. Now that the buyer will buy 10,000 at a dollar each, it will result to $10,000. The procedures of sending the delivery notes and invoices should be included in the discussion. The attorney should also explain any limitation that may be encountered during shipment and when sending delivery notes and invoices There are various forms and the lawyer should choose the most preferred. These forms are necessary to ensure that the buyer pays in time

Samsung Going Global Essay Example for Free

Samsung Going Global Essay Almost one in five televisions shipped during the third quarter of 2009 had a Samsung label on it. Thats according to DisplaySearch, a market research company that tracks sales of TVs. As The Wall Street Journal noted on Wednesday, Samsungs 17. 2 percentand growingshare of the worldwide TV market is a big deal. No company has had a 20 percent share of televisions since TVs were first sold. The speed with which Samsung has overtaken its competitors is fairly remarkable as well. Just four years ago, the company lagged behind Sony, who was then the king of the new flat-panel scene. Since passing Sony in sales, Samsung has doubled the number of TVs it ships every year. Samsung shipped 38 million TVs last year, according to DisplaySearch, and a goal for 2010 is to sell 45 million TVs. Sony, meanwhile, has floundered in the market it once dominated. Its worldwide market share of flat-panel TVs is 5. 9 percent, according to Display Search. Thats behind LG (14. 8 percent), Panasonic (6. 9 percent), and TCL Electronics/RCA/Thomson/Alcatel (6. 6 percent). For Samsung, broad consumer acceptance of flat-panel technology has been a boon, and it appears that the company plans to milk it. Of the 38 million TVs the company shipped last year, 27. 5 million were liquid crystal displays, or LCDs, and 3. 5 million were plasma displays. An executive told the Journal that Samsung wants its total number of flat-panel sets to increase to 39 million this year. Samsung has been one of the major manufacturers pushing LCD technology with light-emitting diode, or LED, backlighting, as well as Web-connected sets, and focusing less on new display technologies such as organic light-emitting diode, or OLED, technology.

Key Areas That Affect Profitability And Continued Growth Marketing Essay

Key Areas That Affect Profitability And Continued Growth Marketing Essay The objective of this report is to discuss key areas that affect profitability and continued growth at Starbucks and to provide strategic recommendations. This report can be used to analyze current strategic decision making effectiveness as well as provide a roadmap for Starbucks continued success. Company Background Starbucks is a publicly traded company (SBUX) founded in 1971 in Seattle, WA and is a purchaser and roaster of whole bean coffees. Starbucks produces and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them along with food items and coffee related accessories through over 7000 plus company operated retail stores. Starbucks also licenses its trademark through other channels known as specialty operations. Industry Definition Starbucks has a variety of industry code classifications including SIC code: 2095 -roasted coffee and NAICS code:  311920 Coffee and Tea Manufacturing. Starbucks is a specialty eatery serving both food and beverage products. Mission Statement Analysis Starbucks mission statement is simple; to inspire and nurture the human spirit- one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Backing Starbucks mission statement are its six principles on how they operate found in Appendix A. These principles encompass their product, customers, partners, stores, communities, and shareholders and provide the company vision. A well defined company mission statement should include the companys product, market and areas of emphasis that reflects the values of the strategic decision makers in the company (Regis University, 2009). Pearce and Robinson define a mission statement as a unique purpose that sets a company apart from others of its type and identifies the scope of its operations (Regis University, p. 18). As a result of our analysis, we found that Starbucks mission statement coupled with their principles defines the scope of the company operations and aligns with there current strategies. External Environment Porters Five Forces Analysis The Porter 5 forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter in 1979. Michael Porters framework sees five major factors that influence a business: threat of substitute products, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, rivalry between competitors and threat of new entrants to a market. The porters five forces model will help identify where improvements can be made through the current competitive force, threat of potential entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and the threat of substitute products. Using Porters framework as a guide, Starbucks should consider the following: Power of Suppliers: Starbucks prides itself on its guiding principles one of which states, Our Coffee-It has always been, and will always be, about quality. Were passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them. Therefore, in keeping with their mission and principles, Starbucks must ensure that the type and quality of coffee it offers is always the same. This means they would use the same suppliers that integrate their standards. Coffee is one of the largest traded commodities in the world. Starbucks is directly affected by Central America in terms of production of the Arabica beans they purchase. The bargaining power of suppliers to the specialty coffee industry would be exerted by either an increase in the price of the beans which are used in the production process, or by a threat of decline in the quality or quantity of the coffee beans themselves. An over-populated market could also give the suppliers more bargaining power. Starbucks needs to be aware of supplier power and potential price increases. Power of Buyers/Customers: A buyer group is powerful if the industrys product does not save the buyer money (Pearce and Robinson, 2007) This is a plus for Starbucks as their coffee products are higher in price and considered a luxury brand. Starbucks is much more concerned with the quality of their product versus price. However; the other consideration is small local coffee companies that were around before Starbucks took over the marketplace. These smaller coffee shops may have their core customers who will not give their business to anyone else. Available Substitutes: Starbucks must be aware of substitute products. Given the current grave economic crisis, consumers are vying towards less expensive alternatives than the luxury coffee Starbucks provides. This effect could alter Starbucks current pricing strategies.   As more substitutes become available, the current pricing model would become more elastic since customers have more alternatives.   Potential substitutes include bottled water, healthy water/juice drinks, and at home espresso machines.  Ã‚   Current Competitors: While companies like Dazbog and Caribou Coffee appear to be the most obvious competitors, McDonalds and Dunkin Doughnuts are Starbucks tops competitors. Both these organizations can compete with Starbucks in terms of sandwich items and coffee related products. More of a concern with these two competitors is their pricing modules. Both competitors are priced less than Starbucks products. Threat of New Entrants: Starbucks provides a luxury good that consumers often scale back on when they want to save money. In 2007, Starbucks saw its shares fall more than 30% partly down to customers deserting it for cheaper rivals. As McDonalds and other chains like Dunkin Doughnuts realize the money in luxury coffee more companies will begin to enter the marketplace offering similar product lines for less cost. Remote Environmental Factors Economic- Economic factors concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates. Current recession trends imply a reason for concern for a luxury brand like Starbucks with regard to the companys financials. Social- Promoting the health benefits of coffee remains a challenge for the industry and consumers are often confused with the myths propagated by the media. Social concerns regarding caffeine, and it addictive properties also need to be considered. Political-Current tensions in the Middle East and boycotts of American made products are strategic concerns for Starbucks globalization plans. Starbucks also imports their coffee beans and thus any changes in import laws should also demand special attention.    Ecological Factors- Starbucks also has a strong environmental mission statement. Starbucks promotes ethical sourcing, contributes heavily to their communities, as well as continually strives to buy, sell and use environmentally friendly products. Starbucks uses key performance indicators to be sure they are measuring the degree to which they fulfill their social and environmental responsibilities. Starbucks should maintain abreast of any changing environmental legislation that could impact their corporate strategies.   Ã‚   Technological Factors -Starbucks has been continually looking for ways to enhance the customer experience. They have also expanded their partnership with ATT. ATT offered consumers WiFi service in more than 7,000 Starbucks locations in the U.S. in spring of 2008. Industry and Competitive Environments When in a recession, luxury products tend to decline and coffee is no exception. Consumers dont find as much worth in spending $4.35 for a cup of coffee when they can purchase the same size coffee at 7-eleven for $1. 75. However, Starbucks has an immediate plan for continued growth including the introduction of its instant coffee line. Despite the challenging economic environment, Starbucks is profitable, has a strong balance sheet and generates solid cash from operations, said Schultz, CEO of Starbucks Corporation. The company is also making strategic investments in key initiatives by: Entering the $17 billion instant coffee market earlier this month with the launch of Starbucks VIAà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Ready Brew instant coffee; Growing its consumer products, licensed stores and foodservice channels; and Focusing on disciplined global store expansion in key markets. Operating Environment Pearce and Robinson (2007) stated, The operating environment factors in the immediate competitive situation that affects a firms success in acquiring needed resources. Starbucks current operating environment includes threats from competitors and rising expenses including fluctuating costs of dairy products. Price increases could have a negative impact on traffic. As of 2007, Starbucks has less than a 10% share of all of the coffee consumption in North American, and less than 1% internationally. International Environment Starbucks is an organization that operates in an international market both with regard to retail locations and use of international suppliers. Thus, Starbucks needs to consider the countries involved in its international partnerships and the impact it can have on their business strategies with regard to political, social, economic and legal locality concerns and events. Internal Analysis SWOT is an acronym for the internal strengths and weaknesses of a firm and the environmental opportunities and threats facing that firm (Pearce Robinson, 2007, p.153). Starbucks has several strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are listed in Appendix B. Strengths: Key strengths for Starbucks include the value of their employees and their corporate culture. Starbucks considers its employees partners which provides a sense of inclusion for those who work there. Also, Starbucks was one of the first organizations to offer full benefits for part-time employees. Another key strength for Starbucks is brand loyalty and name recognition. Howard Schultz, CEO, has created an every day item and turned it into a mega brand similar to Nike. Starbucks is on every street corner, in your local supermarket, and in your bookstores and campuses nation wide. Weaknesses: A key weakness for Starbucks is weakened innovation and creativity. According to Schultz, the Starbucks experience is about passion for a quality product, excellent customer service, and people. With over 4500 coffeehouses in 47 countries Starbucks coffee becomes somewhat of a commodity. In a February 2007 memo, Schultz warned top executives about over saturation of the brand. Diminishing growth opportunities are likely. Opportunities: Starbucks is a global corporation that sells its coffee in more than 16,000 coffee shops in more than 35 countries. Continued global expansion is an important opportunity. Starbucks has established relationships with PepsiCo, Barnes and Nobles, Dreyers Ice Cream and other major brands. Opportunities include continued co-branding with major manufacturers of food and drinks that have greater potential and enable further global expansion. Finally, another key opportunity is the creation of additional coffee related products and an expanded menu. Threats: Substitute products influence the demand for a companys product. More substitutes offer a bigger choice for customers and thus Starbucks has to be aware of potential substitutes available. Given the weakened economy, these substitutes become more desirable if they are a lesser cost than Starbucks offerings. With a weakened economy also comes an increase in purchasing cost for coffee related products and dairy products; both of which impact the return on investment and profits for Starbucks. Resource Based View (RBV) Analysis Resources are the distinct combination of assets, skills, capabilities and intangibles of an organization (Pearce Robinsons, 2007, p. 164). Examination of Starbucks resources can provide a method to analyze strategic advantages and assist with strategic planning. There are three basic resources reviewed when using this method; tangible assets, intangible assets, and organizational capabilities. Tangible Resources-Tangible resources are the physical and financial means a company uses to provide value to its customers (Pearce Robinsons, 2007, p. 165). Examination of Starbucks balance sheet shows inventories make up largest portion of their assets at 692.8 million of the 1, 748 billion in total current assets. Interestingly, cash and cash equivalents make up a mere 269.8 million of current assets. Starbucks owns 5 Roasting and Distribution locations, 9000, company operated retail stores, 205, 000 sq foot office building with 36,000 sq ft plot of land totally 2,956.4 million in net assets. Intangible Resources: A companys intangible resources are also important to the overall business advantage. Brand recognition is a key intangible resource for Starbucks. Starbucks reputation is positive and they are known for high quality coffee coupled with high quality customer service day in and day out. Starbucks has also used their brand recognition to introduce new products including bottled coffee drinks ice-cream products, and home espresso machines, and this intangible asset provides overall reliability that is difficult for competitors to penetrate. Other intangibles include quality of locations; skill at citing new shops; employee training, skill at customer service, and morale; employer of choice-Forbes 100 Best Companies to Work for 2007, 2008. Organizational Capabilities: Howard Schultz continues to strengthen Starbucks top management team, hiring people with extensive experience in managing and expanding retail chains. Starbucks also maintains and continues to expand its ownership of desirable locations so location analysis is a capability which allows the company the ability to increase quality of the same input factors as their competitors. Value Chain Analysis The term value chain describes a way of looking at a business as a chain of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value (Pearce and Robinson, 2007, p.158). Primary Functions Include: High quality product, Ethical coffee sourcing and fair trade, global responsibility, and Baristas (quality of customer service).  Inbound logistics: negotiation with coffee providers, purchasing, receiving, processing, distributing raw materials to service sites.   Support Functions Include: Coffee Master training program, desirable locations, and modern technologies and research and development. Plus traditional organizational support functions such as HR admin, accounting and finance, marketing, etc. Strengths of the value chain for Starbucks include their high quality product and the sourcing and creation of their product. Starbucks is committed to ethical sourcing and fair trade. Starbucks is also globally responsible and has introduced a shared planet program thus producing a sustainable image. This differentiates their product from their competitors. Weakness of the value chain for Starbucks include over saturation of the brand and diminishing growth opportunities due to buying out their competitors in prime real estate locations. Financial Analysis Liquidity Starbucks 2008 Industry Median Current Ratio 0.80 0.89 Quick Ratio 0.50 0.50 A current ratio measures how well Starbucks is able to meet its short term obligations. A quick ratio measures the same, minus inventories. Starbucks current ratio aligns with the industry median which means their current ratio is considered a norm for the industry. Their quick ratio also aligns with the industry median suggesting that the company doesnt have too much of its liquid assets tied up in inventory and that they are not dependent on the sale of that inventory to finance operations. The ratios above generally imply that Starbucks is able to pay its short term obligations including items such as vendor bills, rent, utilities and payroll. This number also indicates that Starbucks is credit worthy because they have enough cash to pay off their short term debt and suggestive that they pay their bills on time. Activity Starbucks 2008 Industry Median Inventory Turnover 8.3 29.2 Total Asset Turnover 1 1.2 Inventory Turnover Ratio describes how quickly product is being sold. Starbucks inventory turnover is 8.3. The industry median is 29.2; suggesting that Starbucks is lagging in ability to turn over its inventory compared to its competitors. With a ratio of 8.3, Starbucks essentially filled and sold everything on its shelves eight times in the year 2008, while the competition filled and sold 29 times. Total Asset Turnover offers managers a measure of how well the firm is utilizing its assets in order to generate sales revenue. An increasing ratio would indicate that the firm is using its assets more efficiently. Starbucks 2008 ratio was 1, slightly lower than the industry median, and their 2007 ratio was 1. This implies that Starbucks hasnt changed the way its using its assets. As this number also indicates pricing strategy and thus suggests that Starbucks has not changed its pricing strategy in the past two years of data. Profitability Starbucks 2008 Industry Median Gross Profit Margin 55.30% 42.16% Net Profit Margin 0.88% 7.67% Gross Profit Margin represents a firms money left over after the cost of goods sold. Gross Profit Margin helps the company pay for future liabilities and future savings. Starbucks earned 10,383 million in revenue for 2008. Their ratio of 55% indicates that they made roughly a little more than 50 cents for every dollar earned after the cost of goods sold was subtracted. Net Profit Margin Ratio depicts how much of every dollar earned a company keeps in earnings. Starbucks is much lower than its industry median. A higher profit margin indicates a more profitable company that  has better control over  its costs compared to  its competitors. As Starbucks markets itself as a luxury brand and charges on average four dollars for a cup of coffee, its no wonder its much lower than its competitors. This number can also indicate that Starbucks operating costs to produce their luxury coffee is increasing in cost. These items include dairy products, coffee beans, cups, syrups etc. Finally Starbucks has a high gross profit compared to a low net profit. This could suggest that Starbucks isnt very good a controlling their expenses. Leverage, Earnings Per Share, Price/Earnings Starbucks 2008 Industry Median Debt to Equity 1.28 1.17 Debt to Assets 0.56 The debt/equity ratio shows how much a firm has borrowed as a percentage of its stock equity. Often, the lower, the better. Starbucks ratio suggests that it is not borrowing heavily against the stock equity compared to its competitors. Debt to assets ratio shows what portion of funds is being provided by creditors. Starbucks ratio shows that they are using very little credit. Price to Earnings Ratio: 127 According to Benjamin Graham, and investment is considered speculative stock when it has a P/E higher than 15, regardless of industry. Warren Buffet currently trades on this rationale. Using this rationale, that would suggest that Starbucks is severely overvalued. If we were to follow Benjamin Grahams theory on speculative stock, Starbucks should be trading at a 1.80 per share. The industry average for P/E is approx 20-25 under current finance ratios. This number fluctuates based on current stock price. Therefore Starbucks range should be from 2.40-3.00 per share. Earnings Per Share-12 Cents (1 Q, 2009) Earnings Per Share shows how many dollars in profit were earned per outstanding shares of the common stock. The current EPS would show that Starbucks business has pulled back considered since 2008s quarterly reports which listed EPS at 43 cents per share. Therefore, based on this information, an investor could make the assumption that Starbucks debt is virtually equal to there income. And given one more or two more quarters of loss, the income would be less than the debt and would set the company up for a loss. This could generate from closed stores, overstock of inventory, and inflation. Strategy Recommendation A generic strategy is a core idea about how a firm can best compete in its current marketplace (Pearce Robinson, 2007). While Starbucks has many different strategies to consider, a generic strategy is currently recommended below given the research found in this report. Recommended Strategy For Starbucks: Differentiation Starbucks can best achieve its long terms strategies by continuing to strive to create and market unique coffee based products to varied customer groups through differentiation. The following direction points will be the basis for the competitive strategy: Rivalry will be reduced with successful differentiation. As Starbucks markets itself as a luxury brand and experience, customers will be less sensitive to prices if Starbucks products are successfully differentiated. Starbucks differentiation and focus strategy pushes customers to brand loyalty which will make it difficult for new entrants to overcome. Starbucks currently exhibits and utilizes both differentiation strategy and the focus strategy. Starbucks has developed a customer loyalty that enables the firm to charge a premium price for its products. Starbucks demographic composition of their consumer base is narrow in direction. Their target consumer is middle to upper class and an educated coffee drinker who prefers quality and customer service over a low-cost price. This suggests that the firm is using a focus strategy anchored in a differentiation base because they attend to the needs of this demographic. Starbucks has differentiated themselves from their competitors by providing an image of the luxury coffee experience and should continue this approach for long term growth and profit. Implementation With regard to implementation, the following outline is recommended. initiate specific functional tactics outsource nonessential functions communicate policies to all partners design effective rewards Starbucks can successfully implement their implementation plan by turning their strategy into action by following the steps below: continue to provide and create new products perceived of higher value to buyers create a new products business unit for streamlined product development introduction analyze current economies of scale to reduce costs continue to develop and motivate there partners as they are there best assets. continue closing of under performing stores as needed increase global presence in prime locations to wash out weakening domestic economy issues Evaluation and Control Starbucks should evaluate these goals quarterly beginning in 2009 to avoid potential losses and provide for ample time for development of contingency controls. Starbucks can measure success by analyzing the following metrics with regard to new strategies and products: Return on Investment Net Profits Partner Feedback-Starbucks values its partners and considers and considers them one of their greatest strengths. Customer Feedback-Continued customer satisfaction is key to the success of the business. Leadership and Ethical Concerns Howard Schultz is a CEO who embraces change and someone who has a strong strategic plan. His vision is currently being announced in his transformation agenda which essential brings Starbucks backs to its roots. It is a simple plan and it is compelling. His ethical standards are directly tied to the culture of the company and at present is not a concern. Starbucks guiding principles found in Appendix A keep the company focus driven on providing high ethical standards across all business operations.

Captain Corelli’s Mandolin by Louis De Bernieres Essay

In Corelli’s Mandolin, a novel by Louis de Bernià ©res, minor characters Mandras and Carlo contribute to the complicated relationships between each of the characters. Each individual has an influence on the changing events in the novel and inflict change in the main characters. Though unalike, the two face similar struggles that impact other characters and events in both positive and negative ways. In the end, both minor characters have the same fate. Mandras and Carlo are two minor characters that have a significant impact on the events and other characters of the novel. Mandras is a fisherman who falls in love with Pelagia, but breaks their connection after he leaves for the war. The introduction of Mandras at the beginning of the novel is the start of change and alteration in the plot. He falls in love with Dr. Iannis’ daughter, Pelagia, the moment he lays eyes on her. â€Å"What he thanked Megalo Velicarios for what that in the doctor’s house he first set eyes on Pelagia, the doctor’s daughter.† (21) He inflicts a significant amount of change in Pelagia’s character by catching her attention, and he becomes her first love. Their relationship end as Mandras’s leaves for war, and Pelagia becomes a victim of misunderstanding. â€Å"Unfortunately, my dream of Pelagia was better than Pelagia herself. I can see and hear that she is disgusted with her returning hero, and I knew before I went that I was not good enough for her.† (141) Mandras discovers that he is an unworthy suitor for Pelagia, and he knows that their relationship has ended once she develops a fascination for Captain Antonio Corelli. Read more: Sport captain speech essay

Physics Viewed As Difficult Subject Education Essay

Chapter 2.02.1 IntroductionPresents, the research workers are concern about the involvement of pupils in larning Physicss, as it is unhappily diminishing. As a research worker semen pedagogues, they would non wish this to go on. So they try to accommodate new manner of instruction and do the schoolroom go more piquant, originative and interacting with the pupils. The research findings are based on literature reappraisal demoing that pupils have troubles on conceptual apprehension in Physics. What are the causes that make pupils dislike Physicss? How is Physics being taught in Brunei Science Education? Furthermore, this subdivision will besides include ways to work out this job, on how teacher need to alter their instructional attack such as improvizing learning manner i.e. be more synergistic in heightening pupils ‘ better apprehension in Physicss with the aid of information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) such as Synergistic simulation. It besides include a reappraisal on how effectual is ICT and synergistic simulation in Physics instruction can be in pupils ‘ apprehension and acquisition. Likewise, attitude of the pupils besides play critical function in their accomplishment of that peculiar topics. Other surveies will besides include on how ICT or synergistic simulation can act upon their attitude towards larning Science will be included. Simulations have been around practically since the coming of computing machines, and research workers have been looking at schoolroom utilizations of simulations for over 20 old ages. We want to see the effectivity of computing machine simulations for back uping scientific discipline instruction and acquisition and foregrounding ways that simulations can be best used to make so. ( Smetana, 2000 ) Computer simulations help the lesson to be more synergistic, reliable, and give meaningful larning chances possible to pupils. Learners can detect, explore, recreate, and have immediate feedback about existent objects, phenomena, and processes that would otherwise be excessively complex, time-consuming, or unsafe. ( Smetana, 2000 ) Even though the computing machine simulations can non replace scientific discipline schoolroom and research lab activities wholly but they offer assorted advantage in footings of pupils originative thought and enquiry accomplishments. ( Sahin, 2006 ) . With the aid of computing machine simulation besides, it can assist explicate the inside informations of what go on in such as atom motions of solid atoms where it truly difficult to visualise in existent life. ( Blake & A ; Scanlon, 2007 )2.2 Brunei Education Systems: SPN21In 2009, instruction system in Brunei had reformed to SPN21 instruction system where the end is to supply holistic instruction for pupil s and to accomplish the fullest potency for all in the close hereafter. Harmonizing to Yussof, ( 2012 ) , cited in SPN21 Curriculum more balanced, 2012, SPN21 provide quality instruction for all to fix the young person for their hereafter grownup functions as capable and originative thought citizens who can lend to society. In add-on to that, Masdi, ( 2008 ) besides emphasized that Science and engineering is important in developing a competitory economic system and prolonging a state ‘s development ( SPN21 to hold new scientific discipline course of study, 2008 ) Harkirat, ( 2006 ) stated that the manner the instructor Teach scientific discipline in Brunei are largely traditional method i.e. chalk and talk. Furthermore, the instructors felt advantageous in learning this manner as this can understate the schoolroom subject as the pupils are busy copying notes from the white board. As a consequences, post accomplishment of this type of learning method shows really small betterment. ( Dhindsa, 2006 ) Surveies made by Pengiran Jadid, ( 2007 ) found out that 185 instructors ‘ learning manner in secondary school turned out to be reasonably traditional i.e. they taught the pupils with auditory and ocular method nevertheless some of the pupils would non preferred this method. ( Bostrom* , 2011 ) . In SPN21 instruction course of study, learning methods need to be alteration to accomplish with the ends. Rahman, ( 2011 ) stated that one of the instructors that join Leadership in Educational Programme ( LEP ) stating that school instructors were told to seek to use new and advanced methods of learning to assist the students cope with the execution of the twenty-first Century National Education System ( SPN21 ) . This encouraged the pupil to transport out their most suited or preferable manner of larning such as researching on the Internet. This will decrease the pupil ‘s dependence on the pedagogues while they learn at their ain comfy pace.A ( Jong, 2011 )2.3 Physics viewed as hard topicHarmonizing Abdul Qadeer Soomro, ( 2011 ) pupils find Physics as one of the debatable countries within the field of scientific discipline. Reason for this is that instructors taught Physics traditional direction. This magnetizes fewer scholars than other field of scientific discipline topics. William ( 2003 ) , province that the major general grounds for happening Physicss uninteresting are that it is seen as hard and irrelevant particularly female pupils. The worsening figure of pupils taking to take Physicss during their farther surveies continues to be a cause for concern for scientific and educational communities around the universe. ( Defty, 2006 ) Students find Physics hard as they have to postulate with different representations such as experiments, expressions and computations, graphs and conceptual account at the same clip. Harmonizing to Redish ( 1994 ) , he explains why pupils describe Physics as hard: Physicss as a subject requires scholars to use a assortment of methods of understanding and to paraphrase from one to the other, covering with tabular arraies of Numberss, graphs, equations, diagrams and maps. Physicss besides requires the ability to utilize algebra and geometry which relate to mathematics topics. This makes larning Physicss peculiarly hard for many pupils particularly those pupils who do non like to job resolution. Muhall, et Al, ( 2001 ) besides added that particularly in electricity and magnetic attraction as instructor find it hard to present this lesson as they barely show what truly traveling on inside a circuit particularly. Electricity is a peculiar job, as it involves highly complex and extremely abstract constructs and therefore wholly dependent on theoretical accounts so that pupils could easy visualise and understand the constructs. In order to make these, ICT can assist teacher in explicating the hard abstract.2.4 ICT in Physics EducationThe rapid alteration in development of Information and Communication Technology ( ICT ) has made important impact in transforming many facets particularly education in general and higher instruction in peculiar. It is besides significantly importance for the instructors to understand the accomplishments and cognition required in utilizing ICT peculiarly in Physics instruction. ICT alteration instructors ‘ function from spoon feeding the inform ation to pupils to ease pupils to research new information. ( Lubis, et al 2011 ) In order to guarantee that pupils are competent in the country of larning engineerings, instructors tend to alter their attitude and present new ICT tools and engineerings into their Physics categories. ( Jarosievitz, n.d. ) Besides that, surveies done by Tasouris, ( 2009 ) , instructors in Cyprus thinks that with the aid of ICT in Physics instruction pupils can research in-depths the hard constructs, motivate pupils and heighten their scientific apprehension by researching the alive images in synergistic simulation for case. ICT besides enhanced active acquisition among the pupils. They can work on existent life jobs in deepnesss and most significantly doing larning less abstract. With ICT besides encourage collaborative acquisition in footings of interaction and cooperation among instructors and pupils. Unlike static-text and print based text books, with ICT pupils can really see what really happens in certain phenomena for illustration motion of inactive charges in stuffs. Quite figure of surveies has stated that technology-rich acquisition environment has a positive impact on pupil acquisition. Surveies conducted by Fraser, B & A ; Aldridge, J, ( 2003 ) which look intoing whether results, focused and ICT rich larning environment promote pupil accomplishment, attitudes towards capable, attitudes to utilize of ICT and academic efficaciousness. They found out that surely technology-rich larning environment has a positive and important consequence on pupil acquisition, attitudes towards capable, attitudes to computing machine usage and academic efficaciousness. With that engineering assisted direction truly helps pupils to develop a conceptual apprehension of abstract representation of physical scientific discipline as it emphasizes simulation, visual image, life, etc. Hence, to heighten pupils ‘ deeper mental imagination ( Fisher, D, 2003 )2.5 Effective instructional attacks: Traditional Teaching Style vs. Interactive SimulationEffective instruction must include two major constituent i.e. teacher directing out information, and pupils receive and exchange feedback. Major job presents is instructors still comfy of utilizing chalk and speak as their instructional attack. This is because they do non hold clip as they were pressured to complete up course of study and continue rapidly to boring alteration. Brunei instruction system is largely assessment based. This influenced the instructor to merely learn and hotfoot to finish the course of study content without even acknowledge whether the pupils really grasp the construct. To avoid this, ICT is introduced as one of the instruction tools that might assist pupils in their acquisition and made instructors ‘ life easier in footings of explicating hard construct in Physics peculiarly. One of the ICT tools that happen to be truly assisting teacher account better is synergistic simulation. Teacher can really utilize synergistic simulation in on-line site for case Phet. Phet stands for Physics instruction engineering, where the instructors from other state come up with synergistic simulation in each topic and portion to other instructor where they can download it and accommodate it to the schoolroom. The suite includes over 50 research-based simulations that span the course of study of introductory Physics every bit good as sample subjects from advanced Physicss and chemical science. ( Perkins, et al. , 2006 ) The synergistic simulation are free and does non necessitate to utilize cyberspace services. This simulations are designed to be extremely synergistic, prosecuting and do unfastened larning environment in the schoolroom that provided alive feedback to the pupils as good. This simulation supply instructor and pupils higly ocular, dynamic representations of Physics constructs. Furthermore, the simulations seek to construct expressed Bridgess between pupils ‘ mundane apprehension of the worl and the implicit in physical rules. For illustrat ion in electrostatic, utilizing simulation as the theoretical account to explicate the inactive charges truly behave if initiation or conductivity bear downing apply to the stuff etc. Alessi & A ; Trollip S.R. , ( 1991 ) defined simulation in instruction as a powerful technique that gave pupils some facet of the universe by retroflexing or copying it. The simulations besides allow pupils to interact with it in a similar mode to the manner they would respond in existent state of affairss. Students besides play an reliable function transporting out complex undertakings with the simulations. Simulation incorporate an engaging and synergistic attack in the schoolroom as it is more towards pupil centred acquisition. This allows the pupil to research, be funny and generate critical thought. It besides helps developing in constructivism as pupils learn by constructing on their anterior apprehension through a series of geographic expeditions. This besides ignites the pupils ‘ involvement in happening out new things in certain subjects. Furthermore, this aid teacher to explicate the microscopic with the designed theoretical account available. Simulation can be used non merely in schoolroom but besides in research lab. Where instructors can utilize it to put up the experiments that are took clip to put up, or even the practical that is really unsafe to make. ( Noah Finkelstein, 2006 ) Figure 1 and figure 2 below are illustrations of synergistic simulation that can be used in the schoolroom. Figure 1: Simulation on Kinematicss and Energy Figure 2: Simulation on Force applied Harmonizing to Bozkurt & A ; Ilik, ( 2010 ) it has been seen that the groups who study with computing machine simulations are more successful than those who study with traditional methods. In add-on, the analysis that has been made sing beliefs of the groups shows that the instruction methods play a function on pupils ‘ beliefs. With the aid of a powerful simulation many of Physics topics which are hard to learn and present can be made simpler and clearer harmonizing to Zacharia & A ; Anderson, ( 2003 ) . In Shirley Pasion Caday research, the survey reveals that there is a important difference between the average pre-test tonss and average post-tests tonss of the experimental group in the trial on scientific discipline constructs. She besides concluded that computing machine simulation experiment is an effectual tool to capture the involvement of pupils toward the acquisition of Physics as a topic. ( Caday, 2004 ) Research workers analyzing the usage of simulations in the schoolroom have reported positive findings overall. Studies done by Kulik, ( 2002 ) computing machine simulations can be effectual in developing content cognition and procedure accomplishments, every bit good as assisting advancing enquiry and conceptual alteration. It besides helps pupil gained understanding and achievement capable countries, for case Physics. Harmonizing to Ajmian & A ; Fatim ( 2007 ) survey, the understanding per centum in the pupils ‘ larning utilizing multimedia oriented package is much higher, and the consequences are promoting. With synergistic simulation it can better pupils ‘ visual image and particularly in assisting pupils to see construction in phenomena and processes that are traditionally ‘invisible ‘ to pupils i.e. a procedure that can non be seen by bare oculus ‘small procedure ‘ i.e. motion of protons or even ‘big procedure ‘ i.e. motion of Eart h as stated by Lindgren & A ; Schwartz, ( 2009 ) . On top of that, with the aid of synergistic simulation it can rectify pupils ‘ misconception in Physics. However, synergistic simulation still can non replace existent research labs as pupils truly necessitate the scientific discipline accomplishment procedure ( psychomotor sphere ) in making the experiments. However, the usage of synergistic simulation gives pupils the thoughts of what to anticipate in existent research lab experiments hence, Choi & A ; Genarro, ( 1987 ) province that simulations work best and effectual if the experiments require cognitive interaction.2.6 Students ‘ attitudes and achievement towards larning PhysicssStudents ‘ attitude is likely to play critical function in any satisfactory account of their public presentation in schools which is suggested by Schunk & A ; Hanson, ( 1985 ) . Harmonizing to Hendrickson, ( 1997 ) , attitudes are the best forecaster for appraisal of pupils ‘ succ ess. One survey had been done in Turkey where they indicate that scheme direction can act upon the attitude towards larning Physics. In Mehmet, ( 2009 ) survey, he provides some grounds which indicates the correlativity of positive-ness of pupils ‘ attitudes towards scientific discipline with instructional scheme in Physics. Equally long as instructor avoided traditional attack in their instruction, this will increase pupils ‘ involvement and more positive towards the topic. It is realized that Physics is non a popular topic among the pupils and is regarded as hard. If the instructor taught in traditional instruction manner, pupils are prone to memorise the expression for tests since they do non follow the Physics constructs in the schoolroom. Therefore, traditional Physics categories frequently result in pupil failures and negative attitudes towards the topic. ( Mehmet Sahin, 2009 ) Ogunlele, W ( 1993 ) in his surveies besides stated that many pupils developed negative attitudes towards Physics acquisition as a consequence of the fact that instructors are unable to fulfill their aspiration or ends or even their wonder in Physics subjects. Another interesting survey done by Onyinye & A ; Okereke, ( 2012 ) their research showed that pupils negative attitude towards Physics were due to, instructors non leting pupils to execute practical separately because of deficient equipment in the research labs in other words non plenty hands-on experience. Students felt that they have lack motive for category battle. ( Erylmaz, 2011 ) . It is good known that negative attitude towards a certain capable makes acquisition or future-learning of the pupils hard. Therefore, Guzel, ( 2004 ) emphasized that developing pupils ‘ positive attitudes towards scientific discipline lessons is the most of import intent of scientific discipline instruction. Most research workers agreed on how attitude of pupils towards certain capable might act upon their ulterior public presentation or accomplishment in their acquisition. The more negative pupils ‘ position or involvement towards the topic, it will do pupils non to execute better in their survey. Fraser, B & A ; Aldridge, J, ( 2003 ) reveal that pupil academic accomplishment is positively correlated to the pupils ‘ perceptual experiences of the acquisition environment.2.7 DrumheadThe literature reappraisal suggested that, with the aid of ICT and synergistic simulation, these can assist to better Science instruction. In which it can assist teacher to explicate abstract things better. Students will understand more, clear out misconception and avoid rote larning finally. Teacher besides bear in head that to integrate utilizations of ICT in pupils larning, non merely utilizing ICT in explicating but allowing the pupils use the ICT in order to research new things and being syner gistic in the schoolroom. This will do the schoolroom more to pupils centred. In the hereafter, hopefully with the appropriate and changeless usage of ICT and synergistic simulation in schools might develop pupils with rich ICT accomplishments in order to carry through state ‘s vision in 2035.

Free Essays on Aviation Insurance

Abstract This report will discuss the future of the aviation industry and the effects of high insurance costs. As the industry cruises through this new age of aviation, the insurance industry must look at several problems facing those in aviation. Survival for the small FBO’s is getting harder each day; the threat of financial disruption is real when it comes to lawsuits. General aviation may be forced to change its way of doing business and become more like the military and commercial airlines. There is a great hope that society will change their attitude towards the aviation industry and the litigation that surrounds the industry. Insurance and the Future of Aviation: The aviation industry, as it is known today, has grown into a set of different industries. Modern aircraft range from military, commercial, and general aviation. Aviation has come a long way the last 100 years. The industry is still developing, with growth comes problems that must be solved before the industry can go to the next level. As the industry enters into a new era of aviation, the insurance industry must look at several problems that face the aviation industry. Legal concerns, in many cases, are influenced by our society. The court system plays a large role, by decisions that are passed down. It is rare when an aviation case goes to court, because insurance agencies generally know they will not win when the jury hears the case. It is too easy to prove pilot negligence. Also, when they do go to court, they very seldom mount a defense due to the unreasonable verdicts, and ridiculous awards. These practices have forced aircraft owners to stay away from new policies and let their insurance coverage lapse. Aircraft owners pay three to five times the amount for adequate liability coverage than their counter parts else where in the world. Survival for the small business operators is getting harder each day due to the General Aviation Revitalization ... Free Essays on Aviation Insurance Free Essays on Aviation Insurance Abstract This report will discuss the future of the aviation industry and the effects of high insurance costs. As the industry cruises through this new age of aviation, the insurance industry must look at several problems facing those in aviation. Survival for the small FBO’s is getting harder each day; the threat of financial disruption is real when it comes to lawsuits. General aviation may be forced to change its way of doing business and become more like the military and commercial airlines. There is a great hope that society will change their attitude towards the aviation industry and the litigation that surrounds the industry. Insurance and the Future of Aviation: The aviation industry, as it is known today, has grown into a set of different industries. Modern aircraft range from military, commercial, and general aviation. Aviation has come a long way the last 100 years. The industry is still developing, with growth comes problems that must be solved before the industry can go to the next level. As the industry enters into a new era of aviation, the insurance industry must look at several problems that face the aviation industry. Legal concerns, in many cases, are influenced by our society. The court system plays a large role, by decisions that are passed down. It is rare when an aviation case goes to court, because insurance agencies generally know they will not win when the jury hears the case. It is too easy to prove pilot negligence. Also, when they do go to court, they very seldom mount a defense due to the unreasonable verdicts, and ridiculous awards. These practices have forced aircraft owners to stay away from new policies and let their insurance coverage lapse. Aircraft owners pay three to five times the amount for adequate liability coverage than their counter parts else where in the world. Survival for the small business operators is getting harder each day due to the General Aviation Revitalization ...

100+ Power Words to Include in Your Résumé

100+ Power Words to Include in Your Rà ©sumà © Imagine that youre a hiring manager sifting through stacks of incoming rà ©sumà ©s- all using the same (or nearly the same) language. Beyond the sheer boredom of having to read them, the repetitive phrasing comes across as a rà ©sumà © that has been built with a template and without any distinguishing characteristics that would make an individual stand out. With this being the norm, when one particular rà ©sumà © stands out as different, its a big impact. So, the question then becomes: How can I make my rà ©sumà © stand out from the rest?Oprah Winfreys advice on rà ©sumà © building is the perfect answer to this question: The challenge of life, I have found, is to build a rà ©sumà © that doesnt simply tell a story about what you want to be, but its a story about who you want to be.Keep that advice in mind as we go over 100+ power words to include in your rà ©sumà © to set yours apart from the rest.Including power words on your rà ©sumà © will help you stand out from th e pack. Photo by rawpixel on UnsplashCompany valuesA companys primary goal in hiring is to find a capable, talented individual that can reflect the companys values in his or her work. The most obvious way to let them know youre that individual is to take awhile to look over the companys mission statement and vision- both of which are most often found on a companys website. Lets look at an example and pull some power words from it that could be included in your rà ©sumà ©:Christine H. is looking for a job with Boys Girls Clubs of America and goes to their website to find the company values and mission statement. In doing so, she finds the following information:MissionTo enable all young people, especially those who need us most, to reach their full potential as productive, caring, responsible citizens.VisionProvide a world-class Club Experience that assures success is within reach of every young person who enters our doors, with all members on track to graduate from high school wi th a plan for the future, demonstrating good character and citizenship, and living a healthy lifestyle.Boys Girls Club of AmericaNow, to pull some power words from these statements, Christine might choose:enablereach their full potentialcaringresponsibleplan for the futuregood charactercitizenshiphealthy lifestyleFrom this list of power words, pulled straight from the target employers website, Christine can now craft her objective statement, summary, and even past job details with these words included. For example, if she has teaching experience, instead of writing something like this as a detail on her job description:Helped students with social skills and peer interactionShe could rather write:Discussed and emphasized citizenship roles and caring for their peersInstead of using a typical objective statement such as:Recent graduate seeking a job with an employer that is making a difference in the world.She could write a summary statement that has far more impact, using the power w ords pulled from the companys mission statement:Caring and forward-thinking teacher seeking a job that allows me to enable young people to become the best version of themselves and practice a healthy, responsible lifestyle.The result of changing her summary statement to reflect some of the power words noted in the companys mission statement is an automatic connection between the teacher she wants to be (remember Oprahs advice) and the teacher they are seeking.Same idea, better wordsWhile these example sentences communicate the same idea, by choosing power words from the companys mission statement, she has immediately set herself apart from the rest of the applicants and shown that she has a unique ability to meet the vision that Boys Girls Clubs of America has for its work. In doing so, shes showing that shes an ideal candidate for the position.The same thing can be done with the job description itself. Look over the language used in the job description and pull out some of the key power words. Use these words in your summary and former job details (if they fit) and allow them to be the focus on your rà ©sumà ©. Obviously, you need to make sure you can back up your statements with experience. If there is a power word you have noted that you cant tie directly with your past course work or experience, its best to leave it out and find one that will easily correlate to your employment or educational history.Atypical action verbsBeyond using language from the companys mission statement and job description as power words in your rà ©sumà ©, unique action verbs will stand out more than the more commonly used ones such as worked, oversaw, managed, performed or did. If your job description bullet points contain these overused words, go through the list of atypical action verbs below to see if another might fit and offer a more powerful word choice.Here are some atypical rà ©sumà © action verbs to consider in place of repeating the tired, overused ones that are used in everyone elses rà ©sumà ©:AchievedAcquiredActivatedAmendedAnalyzedAppraisedArbitratedAscertainedAssessedAttainedAuthoredBalancedBoostedBolsteredBrainstormedBuiltCentralizedChartedCoachedCommissionedCompiledConceptualizedConsolidatedConstructedConvincedCritiquedDecipheredDeliberatedDeterminedDiagnosedDirectedDraftedEducatedElicitedEmpoweredEncouragedEnrichedEvaluatedExaminedExpandedFacilitatedForecastedFormulatedFosteredFoundedGuidedIllustratedImplementedInfluencedInformedInitiatedInnovatedInspiredIntegratedInterpretedIntroducedInvestigatedJustifiedLecturedLinkedMediatedMobilizedModernizedMonitoredMotivatedMultipliedOrchestratedOrganizedOrientedPartneredPersuadedPioneeredPolishedProcuredProjectedPromotedQueriedReconciledRecruitedRefinedRehabilitatedRejuvenatedRevampedSanctionedScrutinizedShapedSpearheadedStreamlinedStrengthenedStimulatedSustainedSynthesizedTailoredTracedTransformedTransmittedUpdatedUpgradedValidatedVisualizedLets look at the difference these words can make on a typical rà ©sumà ©. Before using power words, Christines job experience bullet points read like this:Performed duties such as grading and lesson planningContacted parents relating to their childs progressTaught students soft skills for the workplaceWorked with fellow teachers on curriculum development goalsAfter replacing the typical verbs with atypical action verbs, her job experience bullet points now read like this:Created lesson plans and evaluated grades to determine student progressFacilitated open communication with parents as stakeholders in their childs educational progressEmpowered students with soft skills that would enrich their career searchCollaborated with peers to integrate curriculum goals into teaching practiceImmediately, youll notice how the tasks using power words and atypical action verbs seem more important, with more personal involvement on Christines part. While both examples show the same tasks, the second one will stand out to a potential employer w ho is seeking someone who can empower, collaborate and create. These words have much more impact than performed, contacted, taught, and worked.Choose power words with greater impact for your rà ©sumà ©. Photo by Sarah Cervantes on Unsplash.Popular skillsThe modern workplace often looks vastly different than workplaces just 20 years ago. While some skills have remained in demand- such as communication skills, organization skills, etc.- others have grown in demand only recently. For example, 10 years ago, employers didnt care whether you have social media literacy, unless you were working specifically in that field. Now, its a factor many employers consider in their new hires, especially since the effect of social media has intensified in the past decade.This article on career-building website Monster.com lists the top seven skills employers are currently looking for, in general, in new-hires:Problem solvingData analyticsSocial media literacyCreativityResilienceGood business senseWi llingness to learnThese skills are power words in their own way, and including them on your rà ©sumà © will help boost your chances of being hired and distinguish you from the pack. Obviously, employers from different sectors will list other skills that are needed to fulfill the job role. However, having the core basic skills and including them on your rà ©sumà © is a power play that will get you noticed, regardless of the sector to which youre applying.Final thoughtsIts important to understand that you can use every power word possible on your rà ©sumà ©, but if you submit it with grammar, syntax, or spelling mistakes, that power is lost. One risk you might run into in using atypical action verbs is spelling them incorrectly, so whatever words you use, make sure youve checked and then rechecked again to ensure accuracy.Also, be careful to avoid throwing in power words without knowing their meaning. This could result in using a word out of context, which will make it seem like you dont know what youre doing, and are simply using big words for the sake of using them. This will come across to your potential employer as dishonest and unprofessional, so whatever words you use- understand their connotation and definition fully before doing so.

It's not fair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

It's not fair - Essay Example I found a little girl on the roadside, with just a silk dress and the cold had already overwhelmed her. She was almost succumbing to the cold and could not speak well besides possible health problems that could have risen from exposure to the extreme level of cold. People seemed to be in a hurry and either did not notice the little girl or they chose to ignore her in preference for their schedules. I also had a tight schedule but the possibility of the girl losing her life caught my attention. I was on my way to school and two main things induced the dilemma. I always planned for a time allowance for which I would arrive in school within five minutes from the formal reporting time. Lateness amounted to punishment by the school authority. In addition, we had a class assessment test and the school’s policy provide that a person cannot take an exam once he or she is at least 15 minutes late for the exam. I therefore had to consider facing one or both of the school penalties for lateness. Alternatively and like other people, I would leave this girl to face fate. My conscience however dictated my decision and I expected the same rationale from the school authority. I believe in utilitarianism, a moral philosophy that provides that decisions and actions are judged based on their consequences, and that a decision or an act is moral if it generates greater benefits, than harm, to a larger population. While reporting to school and for exam on time would only benefits the sc hool for achieving its goal of implementing its internal rules, saving the child’s life would benefit the child and her parents, other relatives and friends. I would also derive self-satisfaction in saving a life and my action would be attributed to the school, which is a social institution and should be active in promoting social wellness. I therefore decided to seek avenues for helping the child by taking her to a medical facility. I

Policy analysis - capstone project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy analysis - capstone project - Assignment Example Support for its legalization has been growing and more popular in the last two years. With that in mind, many question just why marijuana continues to be illegal in so many states and according to the federal government. In the paper there are more states who are trying to legalize the use of marijuana for recreational and medical purposes. A similar measure or proposal is in Ohio right now. We will use and assume some numbers from the success story of the use in Colorado and Washington State so far and will analyze and project what the impact will be when a similar measure is in place in Ohio. The study will focus on the economic impact the use will bring the state of Ohio. If marijuana is legalized in Ohio there will be a significant change in the economy in terms of revenue collection. The government collects revenue from the inhabitants of Ohio through fines and criminal charges imposed on criminal offenders who are people caught using or selling marijuana. In fact the users of marijuana in Ohio equal 0.088. To arrive at this answer see the formula below. Presently, the quantity of marijuana consumed in Ohio annually is equals to 721 grams. In Ohio the fine for marijuana consumption is done in ounces, which are 1-3 ounces calls for $ 100, while 4-above ounces equal %250 fines. Therefore the amount of fine the criminal justice receive due to marijuana usage is equals to users=1,016,000 1-3 ounces=$100 and 4-above $250 therefore 25 ounces will result into a fine of 25X250=6250 per month. Therefore annually will equals 6250X12= $75,000. Therefore, the government collects seventy five thousand dollars annually from marijuana users (Caulkins, 2012). After marijuana has been made legal in Ohio an increase in percentage of users is observed. We need to find out the number of users after policy= number of current users +number of current users

The confidence of saudi consumer in the seasonal sale of the Literature review

The confidence of saudi consumer in the seasonal sale of the international brands - Literature review Example Secondary research was chosen as the method of research for this study. This involves using qualitative and quantitative data that has been gathered by other individuals for different purposes. This will be collected through examining the literature surrounding Saudi consumers, international brands and seasonal sales in detail, collating the information and using statistical analysis to look for patterns and trends. There are a number of advantages to secondary research. Firstly, it is cheaper and less time consuming than primary research. This is because the information has already been collected, it is a matter of finding, collating, interpreting and analysing it. Because of this, a larger data set can be examined than is able to be through primary research. Secondary, sometimes secondary research can give more accurate data than can be obtained through primary research. This is because a large amount of data is being collated, which gives a clearer picture than little data, and there may be government surveys or censuses that reach a large number of people that can be taken advantage of. However, it is important to take the original source and context of the data into account wherever possible to prevent accuracy being compromised. The disadvantages of secondary research are that the questions asked in the original research may not correspond to the questions that are being asked through secondary research.... dary research are that the questions asked in the original research may not correspond to the questions that are being asked through secondary research. This can make the results not relevant for the current question, or biased towards one particular part of the population. This problem is amplified by the fact that the context of the primary data is sometimes unavailable. This study has attempted to avoid this problem by incorporating data from a wide range of different sources, aiming for sufficient replication to avoid any bias from one or a few studies. One primary method of research that could be used for this study would be the questionnaires to directly determine the opinions of the consumer population. Questionnaires are a good method of primary data gathering, as they enable sampling of a wide range of people and do not intrude on the population . For this study in particular, there was difficulty obtaining permission to conduct either internet based, or mail based surveys o f the consumer population of Saudi Arabia, and there was concerns that not all of the survey responses would be legitimate, as the culture of Saudi Arabia is very private and the country has strict religious rules . For this reason, and the advantages cited above, secondary research was chosen as the method of data collection for this study. Finding Secondary Sources Once the focus of study and the questions being asked has been determined, the next step in secondary research is to find and collate data. A large amount of data is needed, and generally speaking, the more data is analysed, the more realistic the results will be. For this study secondary sources will be found primarily through the use of internet based search engines, primarily focusing on peer-reviewed items, as these are on

The Zoo Story Essay Example for Free

The Zoo Story Essay Analyse the dramatic effect of a passage, paying close attention to the language and stage directions whilst relating your observations to your understanding of post-1945 Drama. (PASSAGE- from pg. 27- GET AWAY FROM MY BENCH! A to the end of the play) During the passage I have selected here, the dramatic tension that has been simmering for much of the play reaches boiling point as the quarrels, territorial struggles and one-upmanship reach a climax. In this essay I will be looking at how this is conveyed in the language, imagery, and tone that Albee uses and how these can be related to other texts of the time. The comparisons to other plays that Albee has written could not be more clear and references to private games and battles over territory that we see here are written about in both Whos afraid of Virginia Woolf? and The Homecoming. The passage starts with Peter screaming at Jerry GET AWAY FROM MY BENCH! The anger and passion that we see here from Peter makes the scene quite unnerving for the audience due to the way that Peter is getting so worked up about an object that seems completely frivolous to outsiders. Albee actually states here in the stage directions that Peters self-consciousness has been possessed by his all-consuming anger due to this inanimate object. In this way, the audience would feel even more uneasy at the fact that a grown man seems to be acting in a way that a child might over a toy. I would have to argue though that it is the way that Jerry antagonizes Peter more even though he can see that he is howling like a fatally wounded animal that is the most horrific part of this scene. You have everything in the world you want and now you want this bench? The dramatic irony here is plain for everybody to see; Peter doesnt have everything in the world that he wants. In fact, his life is perhaps as much incomplete as the broken life that Jerry leads. As the audience urges Jerry to stop gnawing away at the parts of Peters life that he does not want to share, the viewers becomes emotionally attached to Peter and want his sufferings to stop. Much like in the private battles that are played out in Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? , Georges life is torn apart by Martha at the beginning of the play as she tries to mock him in every possible way that she can. The only difference in the other Albee play is the fact that George can defend himself from the verbal attacks thrown at him from Martha. Here, Peter is said to be quivering, horrified, struggling and whispering after the abuse that he receives. In stark contrast, in the other of the plays, Albee states that George is containing the anger within himself, laughing ruefully to himself and showing mocking appreciation. Indeed, this play, much like the other two synoptic plays, is driven by conflict and how people react to situations placed unwillingly upon them. The origins of the tension here are evidently more profound than the bench for Peter. The bench just serves as a metaphor for all of the other troubles that Peter and Jerry have in their lives. The relationship that these two strangers share with one another serves the same purpose as well. The roots of conflict and strife are embedded much deeper in Peter especially than one may have first thought and it is only through the anger that Jerry provokes in him that causes all of his bottled up emotions to come rushing out. One could argue here that this climax to the play where Peter kills Jerry acts as a kind of release for both of them and there is a sense of new beginnings for the pair underneath the shock that the audience experiences. Throughout this passage Jerry holds the upper hand in the private games and struggle for status and power that the pair have which is at times subliminal. Jerrys speech at the beginning of the scene about the irrationality of the fact that they are fighting over a bench shows this well. He turns the situation on its head when he says to Peter Is this the thing in the world youd fight for? Can you think of anything more absurd? Unlike in The Homecoming when Max has a lot to say about every possible subject that is brought up and yet he is the weakest of all of the characters, Jerry seems to have turned his techniques for domination over other characters into a finely honed routine and manages to dominate and govern not only the power struggle that is shown here but also the way in which Peter would usually think and act. Slowly, Jerry urges Peter into truly letting himself go at the end of the scene. Indeed, throughout the play, Jerry carefully and mathematically makes conversation with Peter by talking about subjects that he thinks he would be interested in. Such topics as family, animals, houses and work seem like normal things to ask somebody that you have only just met. In fact, Jerrys normal approach to talking with a stranger is also very calculating. He talks about the standard experiences of life and puts in throwaway remarks about subjects that Peter seems to feel strongly about. For example, at the start of the play, Jerry asks him whether he is married to which Peter replies Why, certainly. Jerry then instantly retorts back at Peter It isnt a law for Gods sake. By arguing passionately back at Peter like this during their conversation, he feels that he constantly has the upper hand in the heated discussion that they are having with one another and manages to stay one step ahead of his newly found acquaintance much like what we see in both The Homecoming and Whos afraid of Virginia Woolf? Indeed, during the passage I have chosen Jerry says You dont even know what youre saying, do you? This quote is an echo of Pinters play when Teddy utters, I can see you what you do. Its the same as I do. But youre lost in it Jerry and Teddy both accuse their rivals of being lost in the games and private battles that they are indulging in when in fact, they are as much to blame as the people that they target. The build up of dramatic tension is a big part of Albees play here and it becomes especially important as it reaches its climax. For example, when Jerry gets the knife that he has out of his pocket, the play seems to have reached its peak and end. In fact though, Albee is being very clever here in the way that he makes us think that this is going to be the finish to the play when it is in fact the start to a crescendo of emotion that we are going to experience over the next three pages. This therefore makes the real ending even more shocking when it actually arrives. The ways in which Albee builds up and releases the dramatic tension in this scene especially is very skilful. Much like in the scene in Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? When George comes into the room with a double barrelled shotgun, aims it at Marthas head and pulls the trigger, we see the same sort of quick crests and troughs in tension in The Zoo Story. When George pulls the trigger in Albees other play, the suspense of the scene is released due to the dark humour that is shown when a flag comes out of the end of the gun instead of a bullet. Here, we think that Jerry is going to kill Peter when in fact he simply throws the weapon onto the floor in order to give him the instrument with which he wants to be killed at the end of the play. Certainly, Albee often defies expectation and does things to surprise the audience in order to provoke a bigger reaction and keep them on the edge of their seats as the story unfolds. As shown in the previous paragraph, actions and non-verbal communication in this play often speak much louder than the words that the pair say to each other. At the start of the drama, Peter is said to be bewildered by the seeming lack of communication in the stage directions from Albee and then at the end we see this lack of communication transform as Peter resolves to show his feelings in actions and not words. Indeed, Albees stage directions at the end of the play mirror this conscious attempt from Peter to act on his resentment towards Jerry. As Peter unwillingly puts the knife into Jerrys chest at the end of the passage, Albee says just a few words that give a much greater resonance onto the audience than any sort of music or sound effects ever could; Tableau: For just a moment, complete silence. This moment of silence after all of this dramatic tension and suspense acts as a quick release for the audience and allows us, Peter and Jerry to stop and observe the absurdity of the situation that has arisen. The tableau is a way of giving the audience an image with which they can take away with them, resembling the play. Albee wanted to provoke and shock the audience into some form of reaction and this moment here in the stage directions epitomises this fact. We are given a moment to calm down our emotions as the tempo and the intensity of the passage falls to a lower velocity. Moreover, in the second half the scene, Albee describes Jerry and Peter in the stage directions as motionless, almost fainting, talking most faintly and transfixed as opposed to the descriptions of the pair struggling, horrified, still angry and acting contemptuously at the start of the passage. Indeed, the atmosphere of the play constantly changes during the course of this scene and the entire play with Jerry always seeming to dictate and direct what is going to happen next. Although there is a certain aggression shown from both of the characters here in their actions and non-verbal communication, the verbal violence that we encounter during the play and especially in the passage that I have chosen is particularly resonant and would have had a big impact on the audience at the time. Jerry especially tries to provoke Peter into killing him throughout the play until he realises that his words only aggravate his newly found friend and do not provoke him into a blind rage in which he would be prepared to do Jerrys bidding. As Jerry goads Peter into action, he uses verbal violence alongside physical violence in his speech on page. 29. Fight for you daughters, fight for your cats, fight for your wife. At the same time as verbally attacking Peter, he slaps him in the face on every fight that he utters here to emphasize and underline the fact that he is waiting for a reaction and response that he so desperately craves. At the end of the lecture he gives Peter he spits in his face; the lowest form of insult that a man could inflict upon somebody else. It is not surprising then that Peter reacts to this insult more than any other that has been imposed upon him. Much like in Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? where George manages to control the characters of Nick, Honey and Martha due to his quick wit and sharp intelligence, Peter is dominated here by Jerrys astute use of language and is provoked and manipulated quite easily by Jerry. Indeed, Nick and Peter are probably the most impressionable characters in both of the plays by Albee here but Peter emerges with a much more sympathetic view from the audience than the pretentious and pompous mannered Nick. Interestingly, more often than not, the clever and manipulative language that both Jerry and George use in both of the plays mean that although that they cause much grief for other characters, they come out with a respect and sympathy that often shrouds the less dominant characters and masks the fact that they are sometimes quite immoral and merciless at heart. In this passage and the whole play we are often attracted to the direct manner with which Jerry addresses his new found acquaintance. Peters comportment is very different. Throughout the play we see a certain reserved attitude; even at the end of the play, he holds his knife in a defensive way and never wants to make the bold, more aggressive move. He is said to back off a little, hesitate and retreat during the passage, which are made to seem like quite unattractive traits, compared to the brash, lovable-rogue and sometimes outrageous personality that Jerry boasts. In this passage and the rest of the play, the main thing that Albee tries to do is explore the dramatic tension of the arrival of an outsider as seen in the other synoptic plays with Teddy, Ruth, Nick and Honey. Albee explores the social and cultural boundaries of the 1950s in The Zoo Story and makes some very intuitive remarks about preconceptions that some people have towards other. In capturing a very normal and quotidian scene, the audience can really relate to some of the messages that Albee gives in regards to human beings failure to connect and communicate with each other. However, Albee also deliberately tries to shock and provoke the audience in some of the ideas that he gives us during the play. Whilst some of the social boundaries may have changed since the time of publication, the issue of murder, suicide and euthanasia still rages today and in its own way the play confronts a very taboo topic whose dramatic impact will never be lessened over time.