The Transition from Childhood to Adulthood in Joyce Carol Oates Where

The Transition from Childhood to Adulthood in Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where score You Been?All people experience changes in their life. Some of these changes are small such as the passing from ane grade to another in school. former(a) changes are more intense, such as the transition from childhood to adulthood. In Joyce Carol Oates? ?Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?? Oates goes into depth regarding the transition from being a carefree, frank child to adulthood. In the short story ?Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?? two separate worlds are drawn to the reader?s attention. The first is the normal day-by-day life of Connie, a fifteen year old girl living in a home with her parents. Connie?s daily life is simple childhood. The back up is the day Arnold Friend shows up at her doorstep and brings with him the difficulties of what the future holds. Connie is described as being an attractive fifteen year old girl whose actions are stereotypical of what o ne might expect from a girl her age. She spends her time listening to music, shopping, daydreaming, having fun, and trying to meet boys. Her friends share the same interests and when they are together they, ?would hightail it together and whisper and laugh secretly?. ( ) Connie puts on two different shows, one to her friends and a completely separate one to her family. ?Everything about her had two sides to it, one for home and one for anywhere that was not home.?( ) Connie does not show any real affection ...

Free Essays - Psychological Analysis of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Free Essay Writer

Psychological Analysis of Young Goodman brownness                Most of the works can be analyzed by one of the three critical approaches traditional, formalised or psychological approach.  When it comes to Young Goodman Brown (by Nathaniel Hawthorne), I think that psychological approach is the best one to use.  The story is either about the three components of our unconscious mind (id, ego and superego) and the constant battle among them.            It is true that psychological approach has its flaws.  It was criticized unjustly for those flaws.  The greatest limitation lies in its aesthetic inadequacy.  It also suffered because many critics of this approach run for to push their thesis overboard.  However, the other two approaches have inadequacies of their own.  The formalistic disregards the sociological and historical aspects of the related work.  The traditional neglects the structure of the work itself.  We could easily use the historical and the moral approaches, but we cannot get inside of the story and analyze it.            Young Goodman Brown is a perfect character for the psychological approach.  One can hit the books his mind and the three components of the unconscious.  All three of those are represented in the story.  Id is the one that stands out.  In the beginning, Browns id wins a battle over ego and superego when Young Goodman Brown decides to leave his wife Faith in order to meet the Devil.  Even though he fears his actions, Goodman Brown goes along with his plan.  He wants to fulfill his inner desires (or as Freud calls it the pleasure principle) no matter what.  It is interesting that Freud identifies the id with the Devil himself.  Hawthorne uses Young Goodman Brown who is driven by his id to get to the Devil.   &nbs p        Once Brown encounters the Devil in the forest, he starts to get to his senses.  The psychological approach analyzes this occurrence as the emergence of the latent unconscious (Freud calls is the preconscious).  I was shocked when I read that Goodman Brown resembles the Devil.  In truth, all through the haunted forest there could be nothing more frightful than the figure of Goodman Brown.  On he flew among the black pines, brandishing his staff with frenzied gestures, straightway giving vent to an inspiration of horrid blasphemy, and now shouting forth such laughter as set all the echoes of the forest laughing deal demons around him.

Essay --

Yevette CollierTerm 2 FTZACUTE RENAL FAILUREInstructor Michelle Earixson-Lamothe12/05/2013Explain the pathophysiology of neat renal failure. Include pre-renal, intra-renal, and Post- renal causes. In the Human body there are two kidneys which are predominant comp iodinent organs that transport scourge and other unwanted toxin chemicals out of the blood stream. When the kidneys stop working all the waste backs up into the body which causes several different illnesses. renal Failure is one of many illnesses that occur. This usually happens because the powerlessness of the nephron in the kidneys that keep fluid, electrolytes, and acid base balances expel nitrogen waste products and act upon regulatory functions such as maintaining calcification of bones and producing erythropoietin, cannot maintain homeostasis according to Timby B & Smith N (2010). There are two types of renal failure Acute and chronic. Im issue to elaborate on the most common type acute renal failure.Acute Re nal failure Acute renal failure is distinguished by an abrupt rapid diminishing kidney function but, is usually reversible. Pre-renal, Intra-renal, and Post-renal are three general categories that cause acute renal failure.1.Pre-renal acute renal failure is manifested when a sudden severe decrease in blood pressure (shock) or (renal hypo-perfusion) interruption in blood flow to the kidney from a severe injury or illness (Urinary power point, 2013). According to Williams & Wilkins (2008) in pre-renal ARF, there is nothing wrong with the kidney itself. Affected renal blood flow may result from hemorrhage third-spacing, MI primary renal artery stenosis or anything that reduces systemic blood pressure, severe blood loss or volume deple... ...s several times a week.Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of your abdomen, called the peritoneal membrane, to filter your blood. This dialysis treatment can be utilized at home when using a continuous peritoneal dialysis.Renal transplant is a surg ical treatment for end stage renal disease. Normally theses transplants are obtained by deceased donors, which are limited and require a close match between blood and tissue type (preferably a twin or family member). remove rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipients Immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after transplant. What are the short term nursing goals and long term nursing goals for a client with acute renal failure?

Capital Structure Essay -- Business, Financing

IntroductionThe relationship between crownwork twist and firm value has been discussed ofttimes in the literature by different researcher accordingly, in both theoretical and empirical studies. It has also been discussed that whether the firm has any optimal capital social organisation that has been adopted by an individual firm, or whether the proportions of debt usage is completely irrelevant to the individual firm value. A firm can choose a shamble of three modes of backing i.e. issuing shares, borrowing from the market and use of retained earnings. The ratio of this mix of funds purely depends on the firm and known as optimal capital coordinate of the firm. This leads to the different capital structure theories. These theories explain their point of view about optimal capital structure how an optimal capital structure can increase the value of the firm and its impact on the cost of capital of the firm.Capital structure refers to the mix of debt and equity used by a firm in financing its assets. The capital structure decision is mavin of the most important decisions made by financial management. The capital structure decision is at the center of many other decisions in the area of corporate finance. These include dividend policy, project financing, issue of pertinacious term securities, financing of mergers and so on. One of the many objectives of a corporate financial manager is to ensure the lower cost of capital and thus maximize the wealth of shareholders. Capital structure is one of the effective tools of management to manage the cost of capital. An optimal capital structure is reached at a point where the cost of the capital is minimum. Pakistan is a development country with three stock exchanges, the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) bei... ...icult in terms of cost and technical difficulties (Shah and Hijazi 2004). The main sources of debt in Pakistan have been commercial banks, which do not encourage long term loans, with almost no reliance on market based debt until mid 1994 when government moved to remove most of the constraints among. Which one action was to amend company law to permit corporate entities to raise debt directly from the market in the form of TFCs (Term Finance Certificates). So corporate stay put market has limited history and is in the process of development. This explains why firms on average in Pakistan have more short term financing than long term financing. Booth et al (1999) also pointed in their study on determinants of capital structure in developing countries including Pakistan that the use of short term financing is higher than long term financing in developing countries.

Shakespeare and Similarity of Gender Roles :: essays research papers fc

Shakespeare and Similarity of Gender Roles 2Shakespeare, although historically gender biased, can be charged with great(p) both males and females similar characteristic traits within his plays. This can best be proven using the comparison of Portia from the Merchant of Venice to King Henry from Henry V. These two characters, barring gender, show common traits throughout both of these plays. They are also set into similar situations, such as marital issues, prank playing, and the role of disguises.As audiences are introduced to each of these characters, they are shown both their wealth and intelligence. In Henry V, the audience is quickly given King Henrys free-spirited background, but then is told of his miraculous change in demeanor after his fathers death. The Bishop of Canterbury explains it as But that his wildness, mortified in him,/Seemed to die withal yea, at that very moment/ Consideration like an angel came/ And whipped thoffending Adam out of him,/ Leaving his body as a enlightenment/Never was such a sudden scholar made (1.1 27-33). Portias intelligence is explained best by the literary critic Mrs. Anna Brownell Jameson when she states that Portia is distinguished by her moral superiority. In Portia intellect is kindled into romance by a poetical imagination (38-39). Portias sense of humor and spiritedness accomplishs itself known almost immediately when she is graduation introduced in The Merchant of Venice with her waiting woman, Nerissa. In this speech, which concerns the terms of her future marriage according to her deceased fathers will, Portia artfully and impertinently describes the suitors who have vied for her hand thus remote (1.2). Forced marriage is a common bond that Portia shares with King Henry. According to her deceased fathers wishes, Portia must marry the man who chooses the correct casket from a prime(prenominal) of three. She has no say in the matter. Henry, also, has no say in whom he must marry. As King, he must cement E nglands bonds with France, and thus make his marriage to Katharine a condition of Frances surrender. Portia, happily, ends up marrying the gentleman that she wishes. Henry decides to woo the Lady Katharine, supposedly falling in love with her. According to Desmond Seward, The Kingwas please by the girl. He regarded her as the only possible bride for him, if contemporaries are to be believed (130-131).A strong parallel that Shakespeare creates between these two characters is their use of disguises.

Shakespeare and Similarity of Gender Roles :: essays research papers fc

Shakespeare and Similarity of Gender Roles 2Shakespeare, although historically gender biased, can be charged with giving both males and females similar characteristic traits within his plays. This can best be proven using the comparison of Portia from the Merchant of Venice to King Henry from Henry V. These cardinal characters, barring gender, show common traits throughout both of these plays. They are also set into similar situations, such as marital issues, prank playing, and the use of disguises.As audiences are introduced to each of these characters, they are shown both their wealth and intelligence. In Henry V, the audience is quickly given King Henrys free-spirited background, barely then is told of his miraculous change in demeanor after his fathers death. The Bishop of Canterbury explains it as But that his wildness, mortified in him,/Seemed to die too yea, at that very moment/ Consideration like an angel came/ And whipped thoffending Adam out of him,/ Leaving his body as a paradise/never was such a sudden scholar made (1.1 27-33). Portias intelligence is explained best by the literary critic Mrs. Anna Brownell Jameson when she states that Portia is distinguished by her mental superiority. In Portia thinker is kindled into romance by a poetical imagination (38-39). Portias sense of humor and spiritedness makes itself known almost immediately when she is first introduced in The Merchant of Venice with her waiting woman, Nerissa. In this speech, which concerns the terms of her future uniting according to her deceased fathers will, Portia artfully and impertinently describes the suitors who have vied for her hand thus far (1.2). pressure marriage is a common bond that Portia shares with King Henry. According to her deceased fathers wishes, Portia must marry the man who chooses the correct casket from a choice of three. She has no say in the matter. Henry, also, has no say in whom he must marry. As King, he must cement Englands bonds with France, and thus make his marriage to Katharine a condition of Frances surrender. Portia, happily, ends up marrying the gentleman that she wishes. Henry decides to woo the Lady Katharine, supposedly falling in love with her. According to Desmond Seward, The Kingwas enchanted by the girl. He regarded her as the only possible bride for him, if contemporaries are to be believed (130-131).A strong parallel that Shakespeare creates between these two characters is their use of disguises.

Facebook Essay Writing Service Essay

IntroductionFacebook is a well-disposed is a accessible network service which was founded by Mark Zuckerberg in February 2004. This is the most commonly used web state of affairs with over 600million active users according to the report given in January 2011. This is considered to deal created a very strong network of communication with its capability to attach pot across the world. The services induce both negative and positive effects to the individuals, families and societies since it is accessed by all the raft irrespective of the age and experience. The guide on a lower floor concerns the major effects and consequences of this network service to the society at large.Effects or consequences of Facebook on the societyHumans be social beings thus there is need for them top keep connected or thrust a good network to socialize with from each one other. According to the results of the study on Compete.com through in January 2009, Facebook was ranked to be the most used so cial network and it has more benefits than just communicating only if also provision of essential randomness in communication. It is the best and the most powerful tool for collaboration and interaction between people or friends.Considering from the sociological perspective Facebook sites are considered to improve social capital which is particularly essential in striking up a conversation or enabling people to access discipline from the internet. A study carried out in Michigan State University found that the services are beneficial especially for eth individuals with low self esteem and less self satisfaction. From the mental perspective, the site en suitables the individuals to meet and share with the others with common interests hence share the experiences and get motivated or gain knowledge to dish out life issues (Goldman, 2008 p. 7).Facebook makes up a cheaper way of keeping up with friends by reinforcing the existing ones or expansion of the network by enabling the crea tion of newones. Each individual penis has a profile page on which he or she invites all the people to be their friends. They post ideas on their walls to be shared amongst the friends and those of their friends and also have a chance of accessing what their friends have to share thus more and diverse information and knowledge is shared. It also serves to strengthen the bonds especially between the individuals who do non have enough physical contact or have non enough time for direct interaction. This is possible by providing individual information as well as views and opinions thus the others may be able to learn more concerning the individuals.There is a lot to be done thus people do not have enough time to visit or interact with their friends, Facebook offers the opportunity for the individuals to interact and share views and opinions even as they carry on other duties. It is a good chance for the individuals to gather information concerning people of interest like professiona ls thus they may be able to approach them on official duties by knowing their personalities. People acquire more and diverse information from all corners of the world, for example the cultures of the other communities and how various individuals across the world handle life challenges. It is a good and effective medium of communication since so long as the facilities are available the account holders access the sites on everyday basis any on com coifers or through the mobile phone hand sets (Matthew, 2008 p. 345-365).Other than the benefits these social services also have disadvantages on the society. wastefulness usage of these social sites is resulting to the increase in the societal crime rates especially those relating to im incorruptity or sexual abuse. There is no age translation of the individuals who are qualified to hold accounts on the Facebook thus the young children, the teenagers and the adults all share the information that is posted on the profiles. The young peop le access and put in practice ideas which are far much below their standards.Some of these may be pornographic materials which may abuse the young children. Excessively exposing of the information concerning people for example, their occupation is having effects on the societal crime rates for instance the robbery and carjacking because the criminals will be able to identify the individuals of their focalise and monitor their movementdepending on the information that they provide (Martnez, 2009 p. 73-82).Although these networks are considered as an effective links for the distance relationships by connecting the individuals, it also has negative effects on the relationships. This is resulting to wrong decisions because the individuals may be influenced to be engaged in bad relationships. Most of the people who use these websites do not express their original characters but mostly try to show the best. Some of these relationships may not last because the parties are forced to separa te when they learn the true characters of the others. The individuals also blame each other for being unfaithful through by accessing the information that they share with the others.Most of the people especially the young people are not able to balance the time that they spend on these sites and on the other activities. Many of the employers are complaining of their employees not producing the best or as expected as they spend most of the time chatting or sharing ideas with their online friends. This is found to be one of the factors causing the financial instability in the society as umpteen of the people do not concentrate on the economic activities. The learning institutions are also not left out especially the colleges and other higher(prenominal) learning institutions.The performance of these institutions are declining since the students spend most of their time on these social networking thus they have no time for their assignments and studies. These students are forced to ei ther dump the assignment or examination tests if they are not well prepared or have not revised. After they are through with the readying they are not able to maintain a good relationship with their employers since they do not concentrate in their workplaces or may not have acquired enough skills to perform their duties as expected (Sonvilla-Weiss, 2010 p. 102-112).The more time the individuals spend on the social networking sites, the huge the content of their privacy they expose to the public as they post their ideas, feelings and interests online. The society seems to be becoming more open without any privacy thus some people are becoming unappreciated in the societies when the personalities discovered of them are unexpected. This isalso affecting the social relationships between the casual friends, children and the adults or parents because some of the information exposed shows the individuals to be lacking good moral behavior especially if the information they share is more in timate thus their parents or friends are likely to mistake them. This site is seen as a demonstrate value of the society we live in although a times it communicate false information (Gutwirth, 2010 p. 127).The cultures of the societies are highly changing due to the influence of the Facebook. This is because people are forced to change and adapt the styles of living acquired from the information that they share with the rest of the people from across the world. Some of these cultures for instance the language change is not acceptable in most of the communities. For example, the language used by the children to address the adults in certain communities may not be accepted in others and are likely to cause disagreements. This is reflected by the gap between the older and the young generations in the societies since the older people consider the young ones to be misled by the contemporary events in the society thus are reluctant to interact with them (Matthew, 2008 p. 276-281).The so cial networking is considered to be having effects to all the life factors including political, social and economic. By interacting with the others the local leaders have an opportunity to share and copy the leadership styles which may or may not be accepted in the societies although a times they have positive impacts. It also have both negative and positive impacts in the economic sector since people wastes a lot of time on them than they do on the economic boosting activities. They may also provide ideas on new activities of economic development through sharing with the others.ConclusionFacebook is a social networking site which is the most popular and widely used to connect across the world. It has both negative and positive impacts to the society through influencing all the life aspects like political, social and economic. The leaders have an opportunity to share with the otherleaders across the world thus they improve their leadership skills. Although some of the people waste a lot of time on the sites other than carrying out the economic activities, sometime they benefit by acquiring new ideas on economic activities.

Digging-Seamus Heaney

The message in this poem is Heaney is feeling slightly Guilty for non following the footsteps of his father in becoming a farmer instead he became a writer. The guilt is brought arcross as Heaney is breaking a agricultural tradition in his family. The techniques Heaney uses in this poem ar onamatopoeia Squelch for example. Also in the second detain verse Heaney uses a listing device. Also he uses lieration curt cuts whichgive added ethisis. Heaney also uses roots to describe his family roots.Heaney is in effect digging his memories at the instant he begins to write, he looks out his window and starts reminiscing about(predicate) his past, he then becomes enthralled in guilt because he did not follow his grandfather, and fathers path, which leaves him feeling guilty and below them, he feels his forefathers were great men and he is not, so far he still speaks of his pride in his own resource in a pen is mightier than the sword kind of focussing This poem compares his life to th at of his father. He looks at the skill of his father and sees that he can never do what his father is so skilled at digging.He describes in fine detail the art and mechanics of digging potatoes and the ease at which his father can do it. He compares the skill of his father digging potatoes to that of his grandfather digging in the bog, a completely different skill. Again he described in fine detail the art of digging turf and the sights and sounds that are part of it. The wonderful line that slopes time lines from the present , where he looks at his father perhaps clearing up a gravel path comes up twenty years away to him digging potatoes.In the second last verse a line from each generation is compared and tells him that his that his completely skill is to dig with his pen He knows that he can never be as good with a spade and feels that he is more comfortable with a pen. (snug as a gun) Repeating the lines in the last verse confirms this comfort and confirms his only way to mat ch their skill is to dig with his pen I like to think this poem has that simple message. I hope you agree Some unitary asks about Toners bog This is the name of a local bog, (a family name called Toner ) Seamus Heaney tries to explain a change in time with this poem.He uses a good choice of actors line within this poem to effectively illustrate his views on an old tradition in many English towns. The mining off coal, gold and earth which is utilise to burn fires, these are all things that were apart of most common families that did this day in day out as a living. a change in time and of course educational circumstances and the fact that the mines and these methods of work have become irrelevant in modern times have made the individual in the poem change, thus allowing him to have a different future through the pen, a good life not a hard one like his father and grandfather before him who used the spade.He says within the poem that he has no spade to follow men like them this i s because that way of life has now become history and change has come by. For me, Heaney uses the squat pen as his intricate tool of choice, the use of which for him, transcends that of a spade. the free verse expression of the poem is used to enable this professed deviation from this traditional ancestral manual labour. Throughout the poem, Heaney displays nothing but respect for his ancestors particuarly his grandfather, of whom his memories are particuarly fond.One can note examples of Heaneys admiration and aspiration to the man when he depicts his inferior actions corked sloppily with paper compared with his grandfathers nicking and slicing neatly. The use of assonance here also serves the emphasise the importance of his grandfathers skillset. Heaney however in the penultimate stanza, realizes that he can never spark a passion for the cold smell of potato mould and soggy peat and the diction reflects this mood shift to disillusionment.Overall, Heaney realises that in choosin g the squat pen over the spade he is in fact digging up memories of his ancestors, complementing and helping their work to be realised in this sense. So all in all, he draws the conclusion that whilst we must not forget our roots,we must pursue our passions and dreams in life. For Heaney, it is writing in which he finds solace, which enables him to transfer memories onto paper, giving old thoughts the agency to transcend time.

Ancient Chinese Foods Essay

Now in order to live and be successful, you need to eat. The Ancient Chinese were/are very successful. They are also the longest culture on Earth. So what was their stable food supply? The Ancient Chinese ate a variety of different foods. They ate rice, millet, fish, sorghum, wheat, pork, vegetables, fruits, and ginger. They ate the plant, fruit, and even the floor The Ancient Chinese apply these ingredients to make porridge, tea, soups, etc.Specialization is another key to success. You have to have surpl workouts of food to specialize or master a trade/art. Now what food surpluses did they use to trade, and what did they trade for? The Ancient Chinese had surplus foods of rice, wheat, sorghum, millet, and barley which they use for trade. These 5 foods are a vital tell of Ancient Chinas food supply. Since they needed a lot of these, they planted and grew a lot. These led to surpluses. They used these surpluses to trade for toys (for the children), cotton, ivory, wool, gold, silve r, etc. These items that they obtained from trade were traded finished the Silk Roads.Now in order to grow the food for the living, you have to have tools to help you out. The Ancient Chinese had so many tools that they used so I probably cant fit them on this paper. Ill list a fewer. They used compasses, plows, harnesses, wheelbarrows, water wheels, harnesses, and crossbows. When the Ancient Chinese hunted, they probably used a compass and a crossbow. They probably used a compass to lead them back to a spot and a crossbow to shoot at game. When they were farming, they probably used plows, harnesses, and wheelbarrows. The Ancient Chinese probably used plows to turn the soil on their fields. The harnesses might have been used for horses to drag objects. Finally, the wheelbarrow might have been used to transports farming essentials. The Ancient Chinese used many tools to help them out.Youre probably wondering what they grew and how they grew it. Mostly they grew rice, millet, sorghu m, wheat, soybeans, cucumbers, lemons, oranges, peaches, apricots, and ginger. Now, what were their techniques of growing these forges so successfully? They used crop rotation, fertilization with human manure, building levees, and planting in rows. Crop rotation is when you have several fields and each year you leave a few as fallow. This lets the fields recharge. For example, you have leash fields.One year, field one and two are used to grow crops, while field three is recharging. The next year, you use fields two and three, while field one is recharging, and so on. This stabilizes the fields. Next, they used human manure fertilization. First of all, why didnt they use animal manure? The Ancient Chinese didnt have that much livestock. This increased the room for crops. Third, levees are important. The Huang He and the Yantze flooded annually. The water flooded the irrigation ditches which killed the crops. The levees served as dams. Finally, they planted in rows so that it would be convenient for them to water, organize, and weed them. The Ancient Chinese had many different strategies that they used to help them out.

Gandhi’s Impact on the Liberation of Indian Women

India has the worlds largest number of professionally qualified women. It has to a greater extent female doctors, surgeons, scientists and professors than the United Statesi. This is a remarkable accomplishment for Indian women. condescension all of this, for thousands of years Indian women lead been treated unfairly and unequally. It has taken years for women to earn respect in purchase order it did non come everywhere night. non one single event has e mancipated women, instead it has been a series of events which has led Indian women to their liberation. Many riots, protests and powerful lead have taken place in order to overcome this rigorous crusade.Due to the leadership of one man India changed from being controlled by the British Commonwealth to becoming and free-lance Nation. This leader was Mahatma Gandhi. In is efforts to develop an independent country he also paved the path for Indian women to rise and speak against the social norms, which excluded them in societ y. During the duration of Gandhis leadership he observed many instances in which women were suffering. For instance, the aver mount up life span of an Indian was 27 years as both babies and pregnant women ran a high risk of dying young.Child marriages were very common, widows were in high numbers, and only 2% of the women had any study. In addition, specifically in North India the women practised the purda (veil) system, in which they had to keep their faces covered if they were to go discoverside. Gandhi accept and attempted to change the terrible suffering of Indian women and therefore, he initiated women to step out of their homes and participate in the protests by his use of Satyagraha philosophy, which resulted in several women leading their own movements.The harmful treatment toward Indian women was profoundly due to societal and religious sacraments. Many societal and religious customs subordinated women and made them inferior to man. A hundred years ago it was common fo r tiddler marriages to occur, and for it to be completely legal. Child marriages were giveed important in Indian society especially in the Hindu religion, since it was crucial to be married to someone of the same caste and therefore should be arranged at a young age. However, this invariably led to a high number of child widows since the men the young girls were marrying were much older.Gandhi stated non only consider it uncivilised but a crime against God to call the union of children a married state because it undermines morals and induces physical degenerationii. He recognized that child marriages were immoral and also contributed to the high number of child widows. Gandhi believed that if young girls were not married at such young ages then the number of child widows would decrease. Although, Gandhi was married at a young age of 13 he vehemently condemned child marriages and argued that ancient Hindu scriptural texts laying down idle and degrading rules regarding women shoul d be revisediii.Gandhi proposed the idea that child marriages should not occur and that there should be a minimum age at which a girl screw be married. This proposal by Gandhi initiated women to take action on this issue. At the first session of the Womens Conference they adopted a resolution urging the judicature to pull ahead marriages under 16 a penal offence. Although, this did take time to enforce eventually in 1929 the Sarda Act took place fixing the age limit to 15 iv. This was the first legislative enactment the women had won, and a substantial part of this was due to Gandhis realization that women were equals.Gandhi strongly believed that women and men were of equal sex and women should not be treated any diametrically. Gandhi stated, Woman is the companion of man, gifted with equal mental capacities. She has the mature to participate in very minutest detail in the activities of man and she has an equal right of freedom and liberty with himv. Gandhi had a strong sense of respect for women in society and believed they subscribe toed to be treated equally. Another societal and religious pressure that was considered essential for Indian women to practice was the purdah (veil) system.Purdah was more(prenominal) of a tradition to areas of Islamic rule. Women were to keep all parts of their form covered in public, except their eyes. Gandhi witnessed the effects purdah had on women, and believed that chasity came from within and that it could not be protected by the purdah. Gandhi stated, It mustiness grow from within, and to be charge anything it must be capable of withstanding every unsought temptationvi. The purdah system restricted women to the household and even such tasks as shopping were the tariff of the men.Gandhi encouraged a campaign to be sought out which would educate both the men and women, If the campaign is well organized, and continued with zeal, the purdah should become a thing of the pastvii. Although the purdah system has not been entirely eliminated it has significantly decreased among women in due south Asia right away. However, Gandhi found that even those who were educated did not have the courage to reject the purdah customviii. The suggestion by Gandhi to educate young women was made early in the nineteenth century to eliminate practices that subordinated women.The education of women was woeful at the time of Gandhi, and this was because of their low office in society. As the Nationlist movement developed a high magnitude base in the 1930s attention began to be directed toward the education of the crowd. In 1973, Gandhi organized a conference which came to be known as the Wardha scheme, a system of basic education for India. Girls basic education was to concentrate on domestic courses. However, Gandhi emphasized that mens and womens education should differ.This idea is one that does not necessarily contribute to equality. Gandhi states, We shall accept equality of rights for women, but I think their education should differ from mens as their nature and function doix. Gandhi did want women to achieve equality, however he lighten believed that women had a different role. The fact that there are different roles due to gender does not necessarily support womens liberation. This contradiction in Gandhis work is due to his belief that, It is womens right to rule the house. Man is master outside of it x.Gandhi certainly believed that the education for women was extremely important, however he did not believe that the methods for education should be identical in both cases xi. Once women became educated according to Gandhi they would no longer put up with glaring inequalities to which they are subjected xii. Gandhi emphasized the importance of education and after liberty came a constitutional guarantee to establish free and compulsory education for all children xiii. Gandhis insightful observations on Indian women have initiated substantial changes to their lifestyle and statu s in society due to his encouragement of education.To get women out of their homes and participate in the freedom for Independence Gandhi introduced his philosophy of Satyagraha. Gandhis philosophy of Satyagraha is one that appealed to women and contributed to their liberty. In South Africa Gandhi developed the technique of Satyagraha or soul force which proved effective in resisting political control that the British demonstrated. Truth (Satya) implies love, and firmness (Agraha) engenders and therefore serves as a synonym for force. Gandhi adopted what he learned in South Africa and demonstrated his political genius for the Independence struggle of India.Under his guidance a mass movement was created and eventually through his patience and his use of Satyagraha, Independence was declared in 1949. Gandhi seemed to direct an appeal specifically to women, telling them he had with child(p) faith in their capacity to sacrifice and endure suffering. This was a concept that women could easily comprehend since they have socialized to endure and sacrifice. Mahatma Gandhi speaks of this and explains why women are more able to self-sacrifice, Woman is the incarnation of Ahimsa. Ahimsa means infinite love which again means infinite capacity in the largest measure.She shows it as she carries the infant and feeds it during nine months and derives gladden in the suffering involved. What can beat the sufferings caused by the pangs of labour? But she forgets them in the joy of creation. Who, again, suffers daily so that her babe may wax from today? Let her transfer that love the whole humanity, let her forget she ever was or can be object of mans lust. And she will occupy her proud attitude by the side of man as his mother, maker and silent leader. It is given to her to teach the art of peace to the warring world, thirsting for that nectar.She can become the leader of Satyagraha which does not require the learning that books give but does require the stout heart that come s from suffering and faith xiv. As one can see it was Gandhis belief in womens strength that initiated them to promote Satyagraha and become a part of the movement. Millions of women both educated and illiterate, housewives, widows, students and the elderly participated in Indias freedom movement because of Gandhis influence. Gandhi set a unique modelling amongst Indian leaders by including women among the masses in a more innate way.Women participated in mass movements led by him in a natural course xv. The women of India used their new tool of passive resistance to fight for freedom and independence. During the march to Dandi in 1930, to break the salt law, women from all levels and walks of life came out into the affair arena. As the men were put behind bars, the women stepped out providing mature considered leadership, inititative, and resourcefulness, beyond all expectations xvi. At this time women were risking their lives in order to gain freedom. Women were held in jail, s ome of them pregnant and thus many died because of the lack of food.They did this all in the hope that one day India would be a free country, with inadequate conception that these actions would help to free the women of India. Gandhi put women on a higher spiritual pedestal and expected them to be a real divine power. Not only did he believe that women was mans equal, rather, he took her to be superior in her capacity to suffer and sacrifice xvii. Gandhis belief that women were more superior because they could endure greater amounts of suffering encouraged women to step forward and participate in such movements.There is not doubt that the most awakening event for Indian women was the battle for Indias political freedom by the use of the non-violent action that Gandhi encouraged. During Gandhis political movements he attempted to boycott all British made goods and instead assert the need for Indians to make their own goods. Mahatma Gandhi was indeed a pragmatic thinker and he realiz ed that women were the fifty percent of human resources and it was essential to use them in the struggle for independence. The chastity of women can be protected with the help of the spinning wheel.There is another occupation in which millions of women can engage themselves remaining at home. India must learn to be self-reliantxviii. He believed that women were overwhelmingly concerned with the need for foreign cloth, and instead believed that women should start spinning the wheel in order to make their own cloth. This was an idea that started off to be for the benefit of reaching independence, however it also benefited the emancipation of women in India. Women were now self-sufficient and began to feel much more confidant and independent because they did not have to rely on others.Gandhi has made goodly impacts on women and has motivated them to step forward and lead movements of their own. For instance the solely India Womens Conference (AIWC) founded in 1927 tried to mobilize I ndian women and build a national organization concerning social service activities xix. The AIWC gave womens organization a national leadership and achieved limited success in influencing government policy with regard to womens suffrage, education and healthxx. The Nationalist leader Sarojini Naidu was one of the first women to take the pledge.She held demonstrations in diverse cites and made special appeals to women of the land xxi. Under Gandhis leadership thousands of women took leading roles in several movements. Gandhi never considered women to be unfit for any position or task. From the considerable support of Gandhi, womens groups were formed all over India and hardly a week passed where Gandhi did not address a womens group. Mary Fainsoid said in her article that left-of-center commentators argued that womens groups associated with parties have the potential of being more effective because of their connections with mass organizations xxii.Gandhi was a member of the Indian National Congress. He approved the declaration in 1931 that the embody would have to agree to for a free India. The particular clauses relating to women were those dealing with equal rights and obligations of citizens without any bar on account for sex, the protection of women workers and special adequate comestible of leave during maternity periodxxiii. The commitment that was made in 1931 was embodied in the Constitution of free India and was later adopted by the Indian Constituent manufacturing of 1949 xxiv.It is safe to say that the womens contributions along with Gandhis leadership in the Independence struggle were in a sense rewarded by legal equality. Women in Indian society have achieved great prominence. This has been achieved not only by one single event but instead by a string of events. Gandhi is an individual who started the emancipation of women due to his protests for an Independent India. He not only introduced women to Satyagraha but he was also a ceaseless crusa der for womens equality. He brought the women of their homes and made them equal participants in the walks of life-social as well as political.The work of Gandhi has affected millions of people but the effect it has on women has changed their status forever. It is due to Gandhis initiative and guidance that India now has more working women than any other country. This includes female workers at all levels of skill from the surgeon and the airline pilot to bus conductors and menial labourers xxv. Although, there are still many social barriers facing Indian women today, hopefully people will look upon Gandhis guidance and be motivated to abolish and prejudice that still occurs today.

Advantages of Being Bilingual – Short Essay

Advantages of Being Bilingual Being able to speak two different languages is one of the best abilities to devour in todays world. Especially supporting in the United States, which is such a diverse country, it really does come in handy. Benefits of being diverse in languages are that you build a greater change of getting that job thats extremely competitive, and youll have a wider range of culturalism in your life. As psyche who is bilingual, I can say that I have experienced certain advantages. Such as having a better ear for listening, and having a to a greater extent positive growth for thinking.The workforce today as we realize it is extremely competitive. Bilingual constestants have the automatically have the upperhand towards other competitors. Other contestants you may be dealing with for jobs range with people that contain different skills, and types of experience. For instance, if someone has a couple years on you of experience in a job that deals with tourism, than cha nces are they are looking for people who can interact with more potential customers. Living in Orlando, Florida, one of the most popular places for tourism, being bilingual is a great advantage.There are job opportunities such as head parks, and other tourist attractions that require bilingual employees. While switching on and off with your two languages, you are sure to have experienced much culturalism in your life. Opporunities arise such as making new friends, and even conversate with them on a wider range of topics. You have a certain bond with them, that you wouldnt normally have with someone who was limited to one language. Even visiting other countries whos main language isnt English can be more enjoyable. For instance, whenver I visit Puerto Rico, I have the opporunity to convert with locals and family.

Etruscan Art

Chapter 9 THE ETRUSCANS ASSIGNMENTS/ WEEK 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE ENCIRCLE YOUR ANSWER 1. The Etruscans shared a common linguistic heritage and religious reliefs, but they lacked which of the pursuance? a. political cohesion b. being ruled by a king c. extensive internationalistic trade experience d. a strong navy for defense and trade 2. Which of the following allowed Etruscan society to transform itself in the 7th deoxycytidine monophosphate BCE? a. an alliance with republican Rome b. an alliance with Grecian colonies in the South c. great mineral wealth d. a strong navy 3. The fibula excavated from the Regolini-Galassi grave illustrates motifs borrowed from the Orient.Which of the following is superstar of the Oriental motifs? a. walking lions b. standing ibexes c. she-wolf d. galloping centaurs 4. The column used on Etruscan temples is similar to which type of Greek column? a. Doric b. Ionic c. Corinthian d. Composite 5. During the ordinal century BCE, Etruscans favored monumenta l sarcophagi that contained which of the following? a. bones of the deceased b. bones of the entire family c. ashes of the deceased d. ashes of the deceased and his or her slaves 6. The typical tomb form piece at Cerveteri is which of the following? a. mausoleum b. tumulus c. tomb-shrine d. mall Etruscan house-shaped terracotta 7. Pedimental sculpture is extremely rare in Etruscan temple architecture. Normally the Etruscans placed their narrative statuary on which of the following elements? a. the peaks of the temple roof b. the double niches on the porches c. only in interior niches in the cella d. only in niches next to the entrance 8. In Etruscan iconography, which of the following symbolized mutation? a. wine b. birds c. egg d. bees 9. Unlike Greek temples, Etruscan temples were not meant to be seen as sculptural masses. Which of the following architectural elements would this? . Columns completely encircled the structure b. The entrance was have-to doe with at the front of t he structure c. The front and rear of the structure were indistinguishable d. Narrowed staircases were found on all four sides of the structure 10. The sarcophagus of Lars Pulena was made in the early second century BCE. His expression was somber although Lars Pulena is shown reclining, he is not at a festive banquet. Which of the following could account for this? a. A funeral called for gloomy sort a. The family was Roman and did not follow Etruscan funeral practices b.It illustrated the decline in Etruscan fortunes c. It illustrated the decline in the fortune of Lars Pulena 11. Which of the following works of art illustrates how Romanized the Etruscans became in the 1st century BCE? a. Apulu Veii b. Aule Metele c. Fibula, Regolini-Galassi grave accent d. Reclining Couple Sarcophagus 12. Which of the following was a tool used by archaeologists to explore tomb interiors at Tarquinia without the expensive and time-consuming excavation process? a. periscope b. underground seismograp h c. canvass local black market dealers d. careful measurement of the entire Tarquinia cemetery 13.The banquet setting seen in the grave accent of the Leopards takes place in which of the following settings? a. a palace dining room b. a private house c. the open air d. the council chambers of the king 14. The theme celebrated in both the Tomb of the Leopards and the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing is which of the following? a. the joy of life b. the gloom of death c. victory in battle d. the sorrow of death 15. The center for the dye cista industry was located in which of the following cities? a. Rome b. Tarquinia c. Palestrina d. Veii 16. The wide, overhang roof of the Etruscan temple could function as which of the following? a. a place of shelter . a sculptural mass to be seen from all directions c. a poor copy of a Greek temple d. an ill-defined kin for the priests 17. Which century marks the incorporation of Etruria into the Roman Empire? a. 1st century BCE b. 3rd century CE c. 5th century BCE d. 2nd century CE 18. How were Etruscan cemeteries arranged? a. They were arranged or so a center pyramid b. They were arranged in haphazard manner c. They were arranged in an orderly manner d. There were no cemeteries, burials were allowed in the home garden of the deceased 19. Terracotta sarcophagi showing life-sized reclining figures are most typical of which of the following centuries? . 2nd century BCE b. 6th century BCE c. 1st century BCE d. 9th century BCE 20. The Etruscans preferred which the following materials for sculpture? a. marble b. gold c. terracotta d. limestone 21. Etruscan artisans particularly excelled at which of the following? a. intarsia b. marble sculpture c. weaving d. metalworking 22. Which of the following describes Etruscan art? a. It was a combination of motion and vitality b. It was a combination of stability and calm c. It was a combination of rigid frontality and symmetry d. It was a mass of cylindrical forms 23. How did the Etruscan s typically bury their dead? a. on high mountaintops b. n columbaria within the city limits c. in subterranean rooms arranged along a network of streets in a city of the dead d. in catacombs outside the city walls 24. The Apulu of Veii is made of which of the following materials? a. bronze b. terracotta c. marble d. wood 25. The wall painting in the Tomb of the Leopards portrays which of the following? a. the Roman invasion b. centaurs and lapiths c. banqueters and musicians d. funeral processions 26. Which of the following mythical scenes decorated the Ficoroni Cista? a. the Argonauts b. Medusa and Perseus c. lapiths and centaurs d. the gods versus the giants 27. Who or what is Tinia? . lady of Vulci b. Greek goddess c. an ancient cloak d. Etruscan god 28. The Etruscan temple differed from the Greek temple because it had which of the following? a. an ionic frieze b. a false porch c. no roof d. three cellas 29. The Etruscans preferred what building material(s) for their temples? a. marble b. limestone c. wood and mudbrick d. glazed brick 30. Most architectural sculpture was made to decorate what part of the Etruscan temple? a. the sides b. the entryways c. the pediment d. the roof 31. The Etruscans became citizens of which the following in the first century BCE? a. Rome b. Perugia c. Paestum d. Athens

The Courage of Soldiers

1.Describe the life of Pauline and her siblings.Pauline and her siblings lived a life filled with fear. She was taught at a very young age about the challenges that her parents had gone through and through in order for her and her sibling to lead a better life. Pauline and her siblings faced physical clapperclaw from their demanding and controlling experience. Only the letter A was accepted on their school report caard anything below that deserved a wack with a stick from their offensive father.2.Make a list of the pressures the children in the Ngyuen family faced growing up with their parents. Worked at the restaurant before and aft(prenominal) schoolHad to attend maths school, Vietnamese school, cooking school, debating and military arts. They were expected to do all this and had to establish top grades at school. 3.What were the fathers methods of discipline? Which do you consider to be worse and why? The fathers methods of discipline were physical abuse and macrocosm humil iation. I personally consider public humiliation to be worse because parents who publicly humiliate a child dont do it for the childs own good but to demonstrate the act of designer play over the child. When we are publically humiliated in front of our peers, family and friends, we feel like a raw wound that all(prenominal)body feels free to rub salt in. They feel utterly open to the judgment of the population and utterly powerless to change it or to take care of themselves while experiencing it.People will judge and as social beings, the opinions of others matter a lot. When they faced the physical abuse, it happened at office and they were able to hide their wounds, when it was through with(p) publicly though they couldnt hide. They had to bear the shame in front of the world. 4.Children raised in abusive environments like Pauline, specify it to a greater extent rugged to define their individual identity and achieve a gumption of belonging. Do you agree.Please explain. Yes I do agree that children raised in abusive environments like Pauline, find it more difficult to define their individual identity and achieve a sense of belonging. This is because that those who face such difficult situations everyday are constricted and arent able to roam around and find out who they in documentaryity are. Because of this constriction it is also hard for them to find a sense of belonging because they are constantly nerve-wracking to please their parents. 5.Provide several quotes and page that show clearly how Pauline felit living with her parents. Fear dominated every day of my childhood. Fear and dog shit covering the yard were the smells of my childhood. Pg. 292 He had never attempted to get to know or understand his children. Pg. 294 My father controlled every hour of our day and when any situation send away out of his control, we suffered the full force of his anger. Pg. 293 It is ironic that we in turn had to escape the tyranny of his rule to find freedom f or ourselves. Pg. 2946.Describe how Pauline might have felt when she ran away from home. What thoughts would have been deviation through her sagaciousness? Pauline might have felt scared, unsure and f safeened when she ran away from home. She would have been worried for her brothers, who is going to look after them? What will happen if her dad finds her? Can she do this? Feelings of doubt would have interpreted over her but she overcame this and decided to finally do something for herself. 7.What do you think of Paulines purpose to leave home?I think Paulines decision to leave home was the right thing to do. She had to get out of there sooner or later. She had to venture out in the real world and find her individual identity and her sense of belonging.8.How did Paulines experiences at home restore her in life? What kind of a person has she become? Paulines experiences at home affected her life in such a way that she has become9.Why did Pauline continue to inform her father of he r academic achievements after she left home? Pauline continued to inform her father of her academic achievements after she left home because she wanted him to know that his words had still stuck with her. Aim high, hold strong ambitions for your future. Pg. 296.10.Why is the falsehood titled The braveness of Soldiers? Is this a fitting title? What title would you have given the invoice? Yes the title, The Courage of Soldiers, is a fitting title. The courage that soldiers is the same levelof courage the Pauline and her siblings had. I would title this story as The Courage of Soldiers as well. 11.Why did Paulines father behave in the way he did?Paulines father behaved in the way that he did because he wanted the best for his children. He wanted his children to lead a traditional life and. The way that he implemented his beliefs on his children was maltreat though. He was very dominating and never really bothered to know his children. He was over contraceptive and wanted total co ntrol over his children.

Men At Forty

custody at Forty is a really well written numbers so clearly the verbiage was chosen well. There are so many things that can be considered diction when writing like if you want to be more sensuous which means you write to appeal to the senses or you have the choice to make it emotional of thus far esoteric so only the few criterion of people who have the proper knowledge to understand it do. A couple of words that describe how this poem was written are precise, emotional, abstruse and esoteric could even tie in with that.Precise writing is marked by exactness or accuracy and Men at Forty in my eyes is very accurate. I do believe that what Donald writes about is exactly what happens once a man gets to forty. In the first stanza it says Men at Forty Learn to close softly The doors to rooms they will not be approach path back to. This is a metaphor about how since he is older he must come to name with the fact that he might never reach some of his goals in life. Emotion is a b etter-looking part of writing because whats the point in writing if there is no emotion.No one will even want to read your writing because they get bored easily with it. In stanza 3 it states And deep in mirrors They rediscover The face of the boy as he practices tying His fathers tie there in clandestine this is very emotional because the man Is looking in the mirror and he still feels young alone that is on the inside the outside shows he is growing old, and no one likes growing old because its a sad reality that we are getting closer and closer to death. This poem can be very abstruse because It could go over some peoples head.

Nelson mandela Essay

in India, discriminatory attitudes towards hands and women have existed for generations and affect the lives of both genders. Although the constitution of India has minded(p) men and women come to rights, gender disparity still remains. There ar limited opportunities for women in sectors which traditionally demand for men to participate, such as armed forces. Although women also have mostly off-front job opportunities within the army. There is specific research on gender discrimination mostly in favour of men over women. Due to a lack of objective research on gender discrimination against men, it is perceived that it is only women who argon suffering. The research often conducted is selectively sampled, where men are left out of the picture.1 Women are perceived to be disadvantaged at work, and conclusions are drawn that their capabilities are often underestimated.Discrimination towards Women infancy to childhoodBoth women and men are important for reproduction. Sex is very imp ortant between a male and a female to ensure continuity of human species on the earth. The cultural construct of Indian society which reinforces gender bias against men and women, with varying degrees and variable contexts against the opposite sex,3 has led to the continuation of Indias strong preference for male children. Female infanticide, a sex-selective abortion, is adopted and strongly reflects the low status of Indian women. Census 2011 shows decline of girl population (as a percentage to total population) under the age of seven, with activists estimating that viii million female fetuses may have been aborted in the past decade.4The 2005 census shows infant mortality figures for females and males are 61 and 56, respectively, out of 1000 live births,5 with females more likely to be aborted than males due to biased attitudes. A decline in the sex ratio was observed with Indias 2011 census reporting that it stands at 914 females against 1,000 males, dropping from 927 in 2001 t he lowest since Indias independence.6 The demand for sons among wealthy parents is being satisfied by the medical residential district through the provision of illegal service of fetal sex-determination and sex-selective abortion. The financial incentive for physicians to undertake this illegal performance seems to be far greater than the penalties associated with breaking the law.7 Childhood to adulthood and program lineEducation is not widely attained by Indian women. Although literacy rates are increasing, female literacy rate lags behind the male literacy rate.Literacy deem Census of India 2001 and 2011 ComparisonLiteracy for females stands at 65.46%, compared to 82.14% for males.8 An underlying factor for such low literacy rates are parents perceptions that education for girls are a waste of resources as their daughters would eventually live with their husbands families and they will not benefit straightway from the education investment.9 Adulthood and onwardsDiscriminati on against women has contributed to gender wage differentials, with Indian women on average earning 64% of what their male counterparts earn for the same occupation and level of qualification.10 Discrimination against women has led to their lack of autonomy and authority. Although equal rights are given to women, egality may not be well implemented. In practice, land and spot rights are weakly enforced, with customary laws widely practised in rural areas. Women do not own property under their own names and usually do not have any inheritance rights to come a share of parental property.1 D

Rationalizing Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability Essay

There happens to be a two-fold task governing the followence of economic ontogeny and environmental stability national progress towards economy depends on natural resources, and natural resources needs surrogate to continue the cyclical mode of economic development. In this manner, these two important national concerns continuously exist with a common approach of relationship. Indeed, the economy depends on the environment and the stability of the environment likewise opts for check from the sectors enriching the economy.In issues occurring betwixt economic development and environmental stability, there are claims that the arousal of the economy inhibits the stableness of the environment. The energy sector primarily is one of the primordial avenues governing this relationship. An exemplification of such is the report of Woodwell and Ramakrishna (2004) entitle solid ground Bank undermines efforts on global warming It states there that the World Bank favorably considered the move support for the expansion of new-fangled sources of fossil fuels, one of the principal causes of climatic distraction.It came up with a decision that interests on recommending support to the less developed countries which are good prospects that can sell oil or blow out or coal to the world markets. Furthermore, the alleged deed brings back into the limelight the ongoing inconsistency between the voices of the scientific community that provokes on the worlds state, and the ears of what the economic and political communities bear. In fact, the environment is existence changed in conduct that annihilates its life-supporting capacity. Instead, it seeks for immediate efficient steps to stop the erosion.Such report only signifies how the thin out of coming up with possible sources of oil, gas or coal can be much of a danger to the environment, to the inhabitants surrounding the possible resources, and to the planet earth as well. Global warming for the past decades continuously a larms the people of its degrading effects on the environment. Drastically, different industries governing the economy surely have instantly or indirectly implied to such dilemma. In lieu with this, the question is back to basic What does the environment do to the economy? Indeed, there is a need to assess the economic pry of the environment through its fundamental means, ways, and processes. Taking a look with CIDAs Policy for environsal Sustainability, an article called Assessing the Economic Value of the Environment states that taking into consideration the economic values implied to all environmental values, which may be of cultural, aesthetic, or spiritual, is not possible. Moreover, programmers are in constant need to assess the environments value to know its value in economic terms, and to assess the economys value to identify its value in make of environment decisions.In contrast with the macro and micro level, there is a need to emphasize the pros and cons of doing stin ting activities that may affect that of the environment. Furthermore, the article The Complicated Interrelationships of Poverty, Population and Natural Resources from the same policy states the sophisticated interconnected web of cause and effect relationships among poverty, population growth, degradation of natural resources and natural resource consumption (11). ternary factors such as population, environment and poverty are commonly indivisible.In this manner, such dilemma is comprehend in most of the less developed and highly populated countries. Most of the highly populated countries pucker much of its resources creating a slash on its natural resources yet may incur a likely high or low effect to its economy. Indeed, in terms of economic development and environmental sustainability, the only process is inevitably diversified. With this, the relationship between the economy and the environment takes action upon the people and their surroundings.Works CitedWoodwell, George M. and Ramakrishna, Kilaparti. World Bank undermines efforts on Global Warming. The Boston Globe 11 August 2004. Assessing the Economic Value of the Environment. January 1992. Canadian International Development Agency. 13 April 2007 The Complicated Interrelationships of Poverty, Population and Natural Resources. January 1992. Canadian International Development Agency. 13 April 2007

Large Quantities Of Non Biodegradable Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

To being in verdure standards, hotels must(prenominal) be eligible for environmental patterns within their operation. There are enterprises for bettering hotel public presentation, for case, The Environmental Management placement ( EMS ) including the installing of environmentally-friendly merchandises and equipment both round good as advancing usage of renewable efficiency engineerings. In EMS term, sustainable hotels need an ecological direction to accomplish environmental direction which must affect the beat of environmental patterns through scrutinizing. The direction schema must hold 3 chief properties ( Welford, 1995 ) . First, the system should bury all the activities of hotels and every individual in organisation have to be responsible seting it into practical manner. Second, passel who are involved in demand to explicitly understand the process, hence preparation is critical for transporting stunned responsibilities and functions for effectual development. Third, there must be a committedness to uninterrupted rhythm of betterment in the system in order to make zero negative impact on the environment. The traditional pom-pom embarks on the auditing of the environmental direction system and an appraisal that hotels are run intoing their aims and marks to guarantee that slide fastener is non being utilize unnecessarily during period of low tenancy. The first measure in understanding and practising green hotel is measuring the impact of each hotel deftness towards the environment. They could make an zippo profile of the hotel and find the major countries where wash up the most energy and present actions that could rail down energy usage, initiate the energy efficiency step by holding regular care, alteration the hotel edifice and edifice sub-system, promoting natural airing, and replacing disused hotel equipment. moreover most of energy usage in edifice is extremely inefficient, particularly the infinite conditioning in which the larges t user of energy in hotel. It is perchance because of hapless insulated walls, roofs, Windowss, heating pipes, hapless direction of illuming and contrive trait that necessitate inordinate energy usage. So the environmental scheme could be achieved through pull slay the 3 chief sectors in a hotel as followersEnergyA practical programme to conserve energy is to get down with the procedure which will cultivate the greatest nest orchis for the to the lowest degree cost. The natural country where major energy economy could be made is in the operation of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning ( HVAC ) system that stack assist forestall the waste of fuel and electricity. To get down with energy nest eggs with sensible cost, hotel equipment and systems fire get down with installing of clip switches which control single units in va potentiometert countries to work at specified clip, and puting conditions compensators to keep and set optimal temperature harmonizing to the externa l clime. In order to cut down electrical power, light-reflective surfaces and contemplation are applied to replace electric illuming at the same epoch with usage of energy-efficient lamps and motion detector visible radiation. Apart from low-priced alterations and betterments, there are besides high school be alongside with long payback periods such as co-generation and renewable energy engineering. The former can besides be called combined heat and power coevals ( CHP ) which makes usage of the coincident production of electricity and heat, besides be harnessed to supply chilling. It is an effectual manner for preservation of energy due to retrieving of energy that might otherwise be release in the ambiance. The later which is be used successfully in many hotels is solar photovoltaic ( PV ) panels incorporating solar cells which convert daytime into electricity. It is peculiarly non cover with energy preservation, yet besides cut down overall C footmark through cut downing car bonic acid gas emanations.WaterHotels consume a big volume of water system and pollute natural resources by untreated sewerage. This is the major cause of diseases in homo and serious jobs to populating beings. Minimal demands for pee efficiency should prerequisite in the design procedure and are carried by puting intent and mark on design and building thereby can ensue in rapid payback by which it can cut down the sum of H2O ingestion. There is core rule that is non on the disbursals of the invitees comfort but prosecuting with sustainable H2O schemes. For case, conserving waste H2O that has been used in sink and bath can cut down the hazard of H2O pollution by recycling it for landscaping or in toilet systems, recycling of H2O every bit far as possible, mending of pipe escapes, installing of water-saving devices, and information of forces about H2O preservation patterns every bit good as engagement of invitees ( B & A uuml gler, 2011 ) . In endeavoring to go more water-effici ent, hotels must eager to better on H2O ingestion rates by utilizing water-saving engineerings in countries of major usage. In each room will hold cusps to inform invitee that sheets and towels are non automatically changed every cardinal hours during stay, therefore diminishing use of H2O, energy and harmful detergents.WasteThe big measures of solid and liquid wastes spoil the surround environment and landscape due to inadequate direction and handling. It is hence necessary to minimise wastes at offset printing every bit good as the recycle. Successful waste direction programme attends to the 3 R s in precedence order- cut down, reuse and recycle. First of wholly, the hotels must scrutinize the major beginnings of installation s waste watercourse where there are generated from at the same time with finding the costs of intervention and disposal of wastes for each section. Once the appraisal has done the segregation of wastes demands to be organised at beginning and distinguish c ontainers my agencies of labels or pictograms for each type of waste. The decrease of entire sum of waste can be achieved in a figure of ways, viz. , for on-site hotel equipment it should be sustainable merchandises, besides least polluting and used with right process to increase life span, recycling electronic and electric contraptions and donate unwished-for points which are still working to local associations. With respect to decrease of packaging wastes, buying should avoid apprisal little measures and utilizing refillable comfortss dispensers for hygiene merchandises such as soap, lotion, shampoo and conditioner in hotel invitee room can be replaced disposable one ( Ruben, 2011 ) .

Public Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Economics - Essay ExampleThe major problem in the idea of pull down monopoly of public school stems from the fact that such an approach will improve woodland of public cultivation by increasing competition among schools. Several economists have pointed out to reasons that make political control of study inefficient. In fact, the poor performance of schools in America had been largely linked to the public control of education. Economists who withstand this notion believe that political force, instead of forces of competition, drives production otherwise, producers and consumers will end up spending more than time in catering to the political needs, instead of focusing on the satisfaction of consumers. Inefficiency creeps into the administration as producers become complacent under the protection of the government and consumers fail to obtain better quality of service. Public schools did not have to compete with their rivals, which had increased their social costs. The pu blic had no choice, but to charge up their children to local national schools. This rendered the whole system ineffective (Gwartney 159-173). Friedman has been one of the earliest economists who had suggested the chief rationales that lay foundation government intervention in the field of education, namely effects of the neighborhood and concerns of parents. The government had to make these dickens arguments in order to nationalize the system of education. However, according to the views of Friedman, the system of education could be improved without communisation and had introduced the concept ofeducation vouchers in schooling.

Type 2 diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Type 2 diabetes - Essay fashion modelIf this process does not occur, then the blood sugar rises beyond the desired amount, which is 160 mg/dl on the upper limit (Macleod, 2007). Until recently, type II diabetes was considered to be a disease for the adults but up-to-the-minute trends harbor shown that even children be at the risk of acquiring it thanks to poor life-styles, which have culminated into numerous cases of childhood obesity. This paper will discuss type II diabetes, its causes and effects as well as its prevalence rate among other related issues. Type II Diabetes Type II diabetes is considered to be the about prevalent among the various types of diabetes that we have such as type 1 and gestational diabetes. This is due to the particular out of the approximated figure of 220 million wad suffering from diabetes worldwide, 90% are said to be suffering from this type II diabetes (Zimmet, 2009). It is sad to note that a lot of people continue to lose their lives as a r esult of diabetes, which, according to health experts, is a disease that is mostly reliant on our lifestyle and therefore is preventable. It is estimated that in the year 2004, 3.4 million affected roles lost their lives and to make matters worse, statistics indicate that the rate of deaths will have doubled in the period between 2005 and 2030. Currently, it is estimated that 285 million i.e. ... For example, India is believed to have the highest number of diabetic cases with approximately 51 million patients, followed by China with more than 43 million patients (Takrouri, 2007). This can be attributed to poverty, which makes it difficult for people to access medical services in terms of regular checkups so as to perform previous(predicate) diagnoses. Most people in these regions will find it necessary to visit a doctor when the specification has already become chronic and therefore more difficult to treat. This is made worse by the circumstance that type II diabetes is not easil y detectable as it is considered as not having obvious symptoms in its early stages, which makes it almost impossible for someone to suspect that he or she is suffering from the disease. In fact, inquiry indicates that a person can live with the disease for as long as 10 historic period or more without knowing (Chase, 2002). There are various symptoms which when observed, a person should take the pace of consulting a doctor so as to confirm whether he or she is ill or not. These are for example frequent urination also known as polyuria, fatigue, increased hunger and thirst as well as unintended weight loss. Polyuria in this context results from high concentration of glucose in the blood, which triggers the go down of water from the cells through osmosis and into the bloodstream, in an effort to create a point of equilibrium (Elaine, 2007). Consequently, the water in the bloodstream increases and as a result, the kidney is forced to react by ejecting it out as urine and the cycl es/second continues. By so doing, it means that a lot of water is discharged from the body unnecessarily and therefore, the patient becomes increasingly

Supply Chain Strategy and Technology assignment - 5

Supply string Strategy and Technology - Assignment ExampleDirecting tends to motivate the personnel. Normally, the pay for performance is one of the practices active to encourage the transportation and warehouse personnel to endeavor to attain higher levels of productivity (Ailawadi and Singh 129).The balanced placard idea allows logistic managers to balance business perspective, especially in areas of finance, business processes, and customer satisfaction. The managers can fail the views of the customers regarding the performance and effectiveness of the business (Lai and Cheng 157). Similarly, the concept aids the managers to get the internal view of the process in terms of cost and efficiency with an aim of creating value through improvement. Typically, the managers use the balanced scorecard concept to link business vision and strategies for actual performance, as well as, improvement.The ideal of perfect order is chimerical operational destination due to the overwhelming challenges in the supply chain. Notably, the challenges in order capture, fulfillment, and channel management, as well as, inconsistencies in pricing render the realization of perfect order unachievable operational goal (Ailawadi and Singh 129). Similarly, the potential for errors, delays, and money wastage are extremely high. Such challenges make the efforts to fulfill the perfect order

Case assn #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case assn 3 - Essay ExampleThe CVS high society is well known for its quality health c are products. CVS Health Company operates at least 7700 CVS pharmacy and Long Drugs stores. It is the largest pharmacy healthcare provider in the U.S with approximately 200, 000 employees. With the change magnitude globalization, the company is regarded as one of the companies that are making a global mark in the dose stores industry. However, the company faces stiff contention from other pharmacy providers such as converse Scripts Holding (ESRX) and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT). In terms of mart capitalization, CVS has a value of 93.50 billion compared to 54.28 billion and 245.91 billion for ESRX and WMT respectively. This shows how competitive the industry is. With the increase competition in the industry, these firms have to design proper strategies in order to remain relevant and competition enough in the industry. Express Scripts Holding and Wal-Mart Stores Inc.-as the main competitors of th e Wendys company-have some strengths and weakness that are expenditure noting. The main strength and weakness includeExpress Scripts Holding and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. are among the known leaders in developing innovative drug stores. Express Scripts Holding and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. draw their strength from their brand image globally. Express Scripts Holding and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. have effectively marketed their products and in addition understand the importance of a quality services. They are continually improving their stores through enhanced technologies. Express Scripts Holding and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. important sustainable competitive favor is their intangible assets, such as brand image and organizational culture. However, the CVS Company is taking these strengths as challenges to admirer them improve better. In this regard, the company is focusing on improving its brand globally to help it market its services in the global market. In addition, the company is

Financial Decision Making Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Decision Making - Coursework ExampleThe price earnings symmetry measures the relationship between stock dividend payout and a stocks market price in align to compare a stocks performance against any other stock. One can alike use earnings per share in order to determine how a accompany compares to another in terms of circulating(prenominal) dividend paid. This two key investment ratios can only be utilize with companys that are publicly traded and issue stocks Additionally there is a wealth of investment advice and current company profiles and analysis available on the internet, which make the task of choosing an investment much easier for the private investor. For a company that is not publicly traded, an individual must use other forms of financial analysis in order to determine what the best investment option is and how much the required arrange of return demand to be in order to justify the risks associated with a specific company. We have been presented with th ree individual companies as possible investment alternatives none of the companies are publicly traded. The three possible investment choices are 1) bloom Consulting-Although the initial investment of the company is low at $50,000,the company will be a outset up venture so the risks related to the investment are always highest with a new company. line of longitude will be a management consulting firm with a high level of expertise and realise specializing in marketing and distribution of high technology products and solutions in the international market. The initial operating concentrate on for the company will be the European and Latin American markets and the American market for foreign clients. superlative will provide high value services at the highest costs the market will come out the company will be targeting primarily large manufacturers of high technology products such as IBM, apple and HP as potential clientele. 2) Interstate Travel Center- Is also a start-up compan y which will live of a will be full service truck stop and service center to be located in Texas. The initial start up costs for the project will be 2.75 gazillion in order to buy the land and build the 6,000square foot facility which will include a restaurant, convenience store, gas/ diesel islands and service facilities and amenities. The required capital investment will be $250,000 from an investor/s and a 2.5 million loan. 3) Silvera and Sons- This is a successful well establish business dedicated to the distribution and exporting of premium Brazilian Arabica Coffee beans. Its main customers are premium American specialty roasters and wholesale to the local anesthetic Brazilian market. For the last six years demand for the companys products has exceeded capacity, so the company has had to resist a lot of larger shipments, therefore losing a lot of potential sales and customers. The company wants to fatten up their production capacity in order to fulfill the additional deman d. The company is confident that they will be able to sell all additional production of their premium Arabica beans. Since the investment will be used to fulfill the demand for their products, and it is a successful profitable company, it seems that the safest investment for an individual would be to invest in Silvera and Sons. Although it was not required in this assignment to calculate the discount rate for each company, I took the first in my research of learning how to calculate the discount rate. In order to calculate the required rate of return or discount rate one must determine what the risk free vex rate is, the average market return, market risk premium

British Telecom Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

British telecom - Case Study ExampleIn order to visualize and evaluate them one needs to analyze the commercializeing position of British Telecom and assess the might and weakness of its position in the market as well as opportunities that can be explored by the guild and the threats which it should avoid.Marketing. Strength. British Telecom is one of the largest telecommunication companies in the world and it holds large share of the market of telecommunication industry. It possesses enough financial and economic resources to compete in the market, especially against new players in the inlet where it operates. The company conducts aggressive and effective advertising campaign in order to stay abreast of the latest trends in the market and lure potential customers to use its expediencys. The company has started successful advertising campaign with furrow Marshall (the budget of the campaign is 40million GBP). Apart from traditional television advertising campaign British Tel ecom has recently shifted its focus on online advertising which will expand the pool of its customers. If one takes into account the position that British Telecom intends to advertise its broadband services, then the move to dilute on online advertisement is undoubtedly the step in the right direction as this type of advertisement campaign will bell ringer the potential customers of broadband services. Apart from the traditional national market, the company expands rapidly in the overseas markets as well. British Telecom operates in Western European market as well as Scandinavian countries and nations of ex-Communist block. It also provides the services to the customers of Asia and Northern America. Rapid expansion in new developing markets reflects high tractableness of the company. Weakness. In spite of the fact that the company can operate successfully, only if it takes efficient steps to controvert to the changes in modern technology, it must not forget that it is a teleco mmunication company. One should try to concentrate on this niche of the market and not to expand rapidly in the market of online industry if the company expands in other markets and starts providing too many services, unrelated to telecommunication market, it might entail erosion of its brand. Customers who without delay separate British Telecom with telecommunication company will not be able to associate this brand name with any particular industry and rather will have association with octuple services, if the company expands too rapidly in other markets. Overexpansion on other market of other countries whitethorn reduce its market share in the United Kingdom and might require additional resources. orotund pool of existing and potential clients. Strength. The company has one of the largest pools of potential and existing customers in telecommunication industry. The service of fixed exchange lines has been rising steadfastly since 2002, more robust growth was evident in the swee ping of ADSL end users of the British Telecom (the growth constituted

Text Analysis of William Shakespeare's All the worlds a stage Essay

textbook Analysis of William Shakespeares All the worlds a stage - Essay ExampleThe higher order in this cuticle may be the playwright himself or God. Consequently, Jaques muses on the levels of hu musical composition development from childhood to old age. on that point is a different interpretation of stage that, however, is comparable to scenes in the play.The self-reflective speech reflects not only the scenes and setting shifts in the play itself, but also the main protagonists botheration with the implication of manners. This concern gives a rationale behind Jaques decision at the end of the play to join Duke Frederick as he conducts his religious contemplation to explore the theme further. In addition, the poetic speech draws individual focus in the manner of action and present people differently when interacting with a wide range of groups that define the interview dynamics. The speech is reflected in Rosalinds disguising herself to be Ganymede so that the forest communi ty accepts her.A close abridgment of the speech reveals the ability to change as a central theme. Evidently, the definition of man is in his potency to transform. Most of the characters in the entire play undergo physical, emotional, governmental, or spiritual transformation. These changes come out tardily and as such, Shakespeare establishes that mans ability to transform determines his strengths and decisions in life. Individual change also results to political change in the play since Duke Fredericks transformation of the heart causes a renewal in leaders at the court. The reader can attribute some of the changes to the magical aspect of the forest but mans capability to change himself is also under advocacy.The character in the poem undergoes seven stages of life that are in a sardonic expression as opposed to being a rancour tone. The first stage is the infancy stage. In this stage, Shakespeare depicts the man as a helpless baby and understands really little about life. T he baby succeeds in getting attention

Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Astronomy - Essay ExampleAstronomical units ar utilize for any measurement which has a certain reasonable length that humans can attain or r individually. Light-years are usually reserved for objects too far away to ever be reached by peerless humans lifetime.Stellar magnitude is the size and direction of a star. This is basically the stars displacement. The difference between absolute and apparent magnitudes is that absolute magnitudes are fixed, real-time figures of informationwhereas apparent magnitudes are yet estimates based on what the human eye can see. That is the difference between the two phrases.Hipparchus primarily drew his magnitude scale using very rudimentary calculations and tools. Todays astronomers have special it slightly by using more advanced techniques and a much more modern court to the magnitude scale. Now, physics students all over use the magnitude scale developed by immediatelys most advanced and talented scientists.A. Compare the Ptolemaic and Cope rnican models of the universe. State the main precept of each theory how they are alike or different, what evidence each used to support the ideas, and how each explained the retrograde motion of the inner planets. (150 words)The Ptolemaic model of the universe stated that the universe revolved some the earth. Copernican theory stated that the model of the universe which was correct basically involved the universe revolving rough the sun. They are both alike in the fact that both models involved the universe revolving around somethingit was just that Ptolemy got it wrong. The evidence that Ptolemy used to support his claim was basically, he didnt have evidence. It was by royal ordination that the ruler in power wanted the earth to be the center of the universe. The evidence Copernicus used to turn up that the earth revolved around the sun was the entity of the eclipseshowing that the

Letter to Colombian Government (Writing to Argue) Assignment

Letter to Colombian Government (Writing to Argue) - Assignment ExampleThe situation is further exacerbated by the displacement of kidskinren due to the armed action and the forced recruitment of minors by armed groups, such as the FARC (IACH Report). The commissions destination is clearly a clarion call for government action. Unfortunately, the Colombian governments enactment of the 1989 shavers Code facilitates the exploitation of the very children it aims to protect. In Medellin, the Minors Code encourages contempt of the law, engenders child assassins, brings children under the control of exploitative bosses, pushes children into guerilla forces, and prevents the reintegration of children into society. The Minors Codes position that those who are under the age of 18 will not go to jail on committing a crime, only if gives carte blanche to children to break the law with impunity. While its provisions may superficially claim to protect the child, the ground-reality is markedly different the Code, designed to protect kids from adult prisons, actually puts them above the law. It hard-hittingly absolves children from taking responsibility for their actions. This makes them effective instruments of crime, as they layabout easily evade the long arm of the law. Just as civilians are utilise as shields in unfair wars, the Minors Code is responsible for children being used as shields for crime on the streets of Medellin. There is widespread contempt of the law and crimes are delegated to children. The Code is as level-headed as a license to kill. As the Minors Code allows kids under 18 to kill without being held responsible, the streets of Medellin buzz with child assassins. Contract killings, which are common here, are largely executed by minors. The client contacts a boss, identifies the victim and pays the contract price. The boss then executes the contract using child assassins. Capt. Luis Francisco Marino Florez, a homicide detective in Medellin, perce ives child assassins to be more dangerous than adult ones. He says, Theyre less predictable, and they know they cant be touched. minor league literally thumb their noses at him. In the cases of 12- and 13-year-olds, we have kids who we know have murdered 10 to 15 people, but nothing happens to them (Griswold, New York Times). Secure behind the walls of the Minors Code, Medellins adolescent sicarios, or assassins, are the crime syndicate bosses preferred instruments of execution. The Minors Code puts children under the exploitative control of gang bosses, who keep their young charges on a tight leash. The gang leaders of Medellin are often machine-accessible with the paramilitary forces from whom they receive cash and weapons. The immunity conferred on children by the Minors Code makes them high-flown as the bosses underlings. The bosses hire child assassins and equip them with weapons. The children are provided with drugs, as another way in which the bosses can retain control ove r them. They depend on the gang bosses for drugs, approval and money. In the frequent absence of fathers, these children even see the bosses as their role models. They get paid at the bosses whim. Once they are caught in this vicious circle, children cannot break out. They have to continue killing, or be killed. As the minor reaches the age of eighteen, which places him distant the protective umbrella of the Minor

Operating system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operating organization - Essay ExampleAs a result, there is a need for a discourse larboard surrounded by the computer and the human users. Interfacing the peripheral doojigger with the CPU For the central trunk to function, it requires a number of peripheral units which helps the system to work. Such peripheral units include the memory, the hard drive etc. The central processor also inescapably input and output devices such as the keyboard, the mouse and the monitor in order for it to be open to receive data and give data from the results of processing the raw data. All these resources need to be managed and that is where the run system comes in. The operating system sits between these peripheral components and the central hardware (the processing unit) and regulates the way these units nettle and use the operating system. The operating system manages the application systems as well and acts as the intermediary between the applications which are not able to communicate s traightway with the computer hardware. Advantages of an operating system Multitasking and date communion one(a) of the greatest advantages of an operating system is the ability to multitask. Multitasking refers to the fact that the processor will be manipulation more than one process concurrently. This is done through time sharing and the operating system in any computing environment is very useful in determining which functions will be presumptuousness which computing resources. Before the modern operating system architecture was developed in the 1950s and the early on 1960s, computer processors only processed one process at a time (Meyler, Fuller and Joyner 584). The briny disadvantage of processing one process at a time is that valuable processor time is lost every time there is a delay in data execution or memory access for that particular process. An operating system schedules the access of the processor of the computer and makes sure that the processor is busy throughout the uptime. Using complicated algorithms, the operating systems also determine which application or device to be given access to the processor. Based on how complicated a process is, it dejection be given preference or denied preference. The operating system also is able to determine which processes are detailed and therefore gives them preference in order to avoid fatal errors. For instance, if a printer is asking for a timeslot in the processor, it may be given preference over other processes because delays in processing the printing data may lead to the whole process failing. In this regard, a computer operating system not only schedules processes but also acts as an error handling system which prevents the computer as well as the various processes from failing. Programmers dont need to know the processor architecture One of advantages of operating systems is that programmers never see to worry about the architecture of a computer as pertinacious as they code programs which can be executed by the operating system. This also means that programs can be run in computers with different hardware architectures since the applications dont have to communicate directly with the hardware (processor). In this regard, the operating system separates the functions of application developers from computer architects. The computer programmer does not have to understand the internal working of the computer because the operating system will do most of the communication between the applications developed by